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21.
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Three commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers including phosphate rock (PR), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and single superphosphate (SSP) were applied to the plot at three P application rates, 50, 300, and 500 g/m2 with 9 treatments and control (CK). Plants, water soluble and exchangeable (WE) extra... 相似文献
22.
为了探讨不同品种的油菜(Brassica napus L.)配施螯合剂对铅(Pb)污染土壤的修复效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,研究了甘蓝型油菜品种秦油1号(QY-1)和白菜型油菜品种三月黄(SYH)在0%、 2%和4%的水溶性壳聚糖(WSC)处理下对中国北方河南和南方广西两种典型Pb污染农田土壤中Pb吸收和转运的影响,并进一步在河南某Pb污染农田通过田间小区试验比较了两个油菜品种在WSC条件下的修复效率和经济效益.结果表明,盆栽条件下,与对照处理相比,QY-1和SYH的生物量受WSC含量和土壤类型影响显著,随着WSC含量增加QY-1的生物量在两种土壤条件下呈下降趋势,而低含量WSC处理下SYH生物量显著提高,在高含量WSC处理下生物量下降.如广西Pb污染土壤上2%WSC处理下SYH生物量上升最明显,与对照处理相比,生物量提高了80.96%.两个油菜品种不同部位Pb含量也受WSC含量和土壤类型的影响,QY-1地上部分和根部分在河南Pb污染土壤上随WSC含量的升高而增加,在广西Pb污染土壤上随WSC含量的升高而降低.Pb提取量是评价植物修复效率的关键.盆栽和田间试验结果表明,SYH配施WSC处... 相似文献
23.
Test protocols citing mysids as a standard test species often recommend juveniles (48 h) as the most appropriate life stage for testing. Acute toxicity tests were conducted with six standard toxicants, with three life stages of Metamysidopsis insularis; juveniles (48 h), late juveniles (7–12 days) and adults (>13 days), to determine whether there were significant differences in the sensitivity between life stages. Three of the compounds tested (sodium dodecyl sulphate, potassium dichromate, and potassium chloride) showed a significantly higher 96 h-LC50 for the adults when compared to the juveniles and late juveniles. Four of the compounds tested showed significantly higher 24 h- and 48h-LC50 for the adults when compared to both the late juveniles and juveniles. Twenty-four hour-LC50 values for juveniles were also significantly higher than the 48 and 96 h values. However, for the late juveniles and adults this was only true of a few compounds. Further, the 48 and 96 h values were statistically similar. Therefore, for M. insularis it may be appropriate to conduct acute toxicity test with juvenile for a 48 h period. 相似文献
24.
不同锰处理对镉胁迫下2种油菜重金属累积和根系形态的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水培试验,研究Cd胁迫(10μmol·L~(-1))条件下,不同浓度Mn(0,0.1,1,10,100μmol·L~(-1))处理对2种镉累积能力不同的油菜生物量、Cd和Mn含量以及根系形态参数的影响。结果表明,与正常营养处理Mn1相比,缺Mn和Mn过量处理显著降低2种油菜的地上部和镉低积累油菜"华骏"的根部生物量,而对普通油菜"寒绿"的根部生物量没有显著影响。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下2种油菜的Cd累积总量和"华骏"地上部Cd含量显著降低;Mn过量处理下2种油菜根部和地上部Cd含量均呈升高趋势,2种油菜的Cd累积总量无显著变化或显著降低。随Mn处理浓度升高,2种油菜地上部和根部Mn含量显著升高,缺Mn处理下2种油菜根部的Mn含量低于Mn缺乏的临界值。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下"华骏"的根长、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数显著降低;Mn过量处理下"寒绿"的根长以及"华骏"的根系表面积、体积显著降低;缺Mn处理下2种油菜细根表面积所占的比例增加,粗根表面积比例降低;Mn过量时,"寒绿"的粗根表面积比例增加,细根比例降低,而"华骏"则相反。总的来看,缺Mn处理影响油菜根系和地上部生长,减少地上部Cd含量和植株Cd累积总量;Mn过量处理下油菜生长也受到抑制,但是油菜地上部和根部Cd含量有所升高;2种油菜的根系形态学参数在不同Mn处理下变化规律不同,表现出不同的响应策略。 相似文献
25.
Tao Li Xiufeng Cao Rui Zhao Zhaojie Cui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):43
26.
27.
铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片几种生理生化指标的影响 总被引:100,自引:1,他引:100
研究了溶液培养条件下铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和游离脯氨酸含量等的影响,结果表明:随着Cr^6+,Cd^2+,Pb^2+处理时间的延长和处理浓度的增加,青菜叶片细胞膜透性显著增大,叶绿素a/b值逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸含量明显增加,其中游离脯氨酸含量增加的时间比细胞膜透性增大明显超前,而叶绿素a/b植降低的时间在这3种重金属中未见明显的规律性。 相似文献
28.
施肥对大白菜吸收电镀污染土壤中重金属的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用田间试验,研究了在不同施肥条件下重金属在土壤-作物系统中迁移、积累的特性.结果表明,不同施肥处理对降低植物重金属吸收的影响能力大小依次为有机肥>复合肥>尿素,一般地,作物不同部位对Cr、Cu 积累量的大小顺序为根>叶>茎,重金属在土壤-作物系统中迁移能力大小依次为Cu> Ni>Cr,3种施肥处理对降低土壤中有效态重金属含量的影响能力大小依次为有机肥>复合肥>尿素. 相似文献
29.
Summary. Larvae of the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), sequester glucosinolates of their host plants, namely members of the Brassicaceae family,
in their haemolymph. Therefore, they need to circumvent myrosinase activities of the plant tissue which normally hydrolyse
the glucosinolates after plant damage. Effects of varying levels of glucosinolates and myrosinases on the performance of A. rosae were investigated using homozygous lines of Brassica juncea (L.) with either (1) low glucosinolate (lowGS) and low myrosinase (lowMR), (2) high glucosinolate (highGS) and high myrosinase (highMR), or (3) high glucosinolate (highGS) and low myrosinase (lowMR) levels. To insure that the given quantities remained as constant as possible, newly hatched larvae were enclosed on the
second-youngest leaf of a plant, and were offered a new plant of comparable physiological age (6-leaf-stage) every day. The
performance of A. rosae was little affected by leaf quality. Body masses of eonymphs and adults were on average lowest on the highGS/highMR-line, but these differences were rarely significant. The pupal developmental times of females and males were longest on
the highGS/lowMR-line in only one of two replicate experiments. All other performance traits (developmental times of larvae, egg numbers,
adult longevity) were not significantly different. Glucosinolates, sequestered by the larvae, are carried through the pupal
stage. The glucosinolate concentration measured in adult insects reflected the level of the host plant line, without showing
any obvious costs for sequestration. Obviously, A. rosae is highly tolerant to variation in the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of its host.
In addition, induced changes of glucosinolate concentrations and myrosinase activities caused by 24 h-feeding of groups of
three small larvae were analysed in the second-youngest leaves. In contrast to the patterns most herbivores evoke on Brassicaceae,
namely an increase of both glucosinolate concentration and myrosinase activity, we detected a significant decrease of both
traits in all three lines where the respective trait was originally high in the plants. Although glucosinolate levels dropped in the highGS lines about 50%, these still contained higher concentrations than the lowGS line. Whereas the activity of soluble myrosinases remained highest in the highMR line, even after a decrease to almost 30% due to feeding, the levels of insoluble myrosinases converged after feeding in
lowMR and highMR lines. Levels of the signalling molecule salicylic acid slightly decreased on average after feeding, whereas jasmonic acid
was below the detection threshold in almost all samples. The concentration of several molecules varies strongly in plant tissue
with age and can change due to induction by herbivore feeding. Therefore, if performance of an insect species is measured
on plants with specific traits, the variability in these traits needs to be carefully controlled in experiments. 相似文献
30.
脂肪酸延长酶1(FAE1)是广泛存在于植物中并定位于内质网上的一种能催化脂肪酸碳链延长的酮脂酰CoA合成酶.根据Genbank上已知的植物FAE1基因设计引物,以从甘蓝型油菜叶片中提取的总DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得了1380bp的片段.回收该片段,并连接到pMD18-T载体测序.序列比对结果说明了该片段与植物中已知的FAE1序列有极高的相似性,并且不存在内含子序列.将该片段通过高保真酶扩增,EcoRⅠ酶切消化后定向克隆到pGEX-2T表达载体中,在IPTG诱导下于28℃表达出Mr76×103的蛋白质条带.用兔抗GST多克隆抗体做第一抗体进行Western-blot检测,并获得阳性检测结果.这为甘蓝型油菜脂肪酸链延长酶基因FAE1功能的进一步研究奠定了基础.图4表1参14 相似文献