土施和喷施锌肥对镉低积累油菜吸收镉的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了土施和喷施不同用量Zn SO4对镉(Cd)低积累油菜生长、Cd吸收及微量元素含量的影响,并通过分析Cd在油菜体内的累积分配规律及土壤Cd有效性变化来揭示其作用机理.结果表明,土施锌(Zn)肥可以显著提高Cd低积累油菜的地上部生物量,最大可使其比对照处理增加71.4%;而喷施Zn肥对Cd低积累油菜地上部生物量没有显著影响.土施和喷施Zn肥都可显著降低Cd低积累油菜的地上部Cd含量,最大降幅为41.4%;在Zn肥用量相差8~10倍的情况下,二者降低油菜地上部Cd含量的效果无显著差异.土施Zn肥可使Cd低积累油菜地上部Cu和Fe含量显著升高,而喷施Zn肥对其没有显著影响,土施和喷施Zn肥都使Cd低积累油菜地上部Mn含量显著降低.土施Zn肥可显著提高土壤有效态Zn含量,但对土壤有效Cd含量没有显著影响;土施和喷施Zn肥可以显著降低油菜根部Cd净吸收量和Cd转运系数,油菜地上部Cd含量与根部Cd净吸收量呈显著的正相关关系(p0.01),而与Cd转运系数无显著的相关性,这表明施用Zn肥降低油菜地上部Cd含量主要是由于抑制根部Cd吸收引起的.总之,喷施Zn肥是调控Cd低积累油菜安全生产的较好措施.     

半干旱-亚湿润干旱沙区樟子松根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征

研究揭示呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松天然林和不同引种地(呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地)不同林龄(中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)人工林根内真菌群落结构和功能时空动态特征及其对环境变化(气候因子和土壤理化性质)的响应,阐明樟子松根内真菌生态功能及其与林木生长的互作关系.结果表明：(1)樟子松人工林根内真菌多样性指数均显著高于天然林(P<0.05),且毛乌素沙地人工林最高;樟子松根内真菌群落存在明显的地理分布,但林龄影响不存在显著差异(P>0.05).(2)与樟子松人工林相比,天然林外生菌根真菌比例更高(50.49%),主要包括Acephala、小菇属(Mycena)和乳牛肝菌属(Suillus);樟子松天然林主要指示菌种为Acephala,呼伦贝尔沙地人工林为肉齿菌属(Sarcodon),科尔沁沙地人工林为红菇属(Russula)和美口菌属(Calostoma),毛乌素沙地人工林为地孔菌属(Geopora)、Mallocybe和棉革菌属(Tomentella).(3)在樟子松天然林和人工林中,指示菌种主要受到有效氮、有效磷和林龄的影响,而与土壤含水量、 pH值和全氮含量相关的指示菌种数...     

吸水链霉菌井冈变种JG5008转化系统的初建

吸水链霉菌井冈变种ＪＧ５００８的最佳转化条件是：ＪＧ５００８在添加ＭｇＣｌ２（ｃｆ＝０．００５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和甘氨酸（ρｆ＝０．５ｇ／Ｌ）的含１０％蔗糖的ＹＥＭＥ培养基中接种浓度ｎ≈１０＾８ｍＬ＾－１的ＪＧ５００８孢子悬液,３７℃摇床培养１２ｈ,收获菌丝体。在３２℃、溶菌酶浓度ρ＝２ｍｇ／ｍＬ的条件下溶菌１ｈ后制备原生质体,用Ｔ缓冲液在Ｒ２ＹＥ培养基上进行转化。本文初步建立了ＪＧ５００８的质粒载体系     

思茅松种群的自疏研究

在野外考察的基础上,运用密度变化、相对径级离散度、自疏结局分析等方法对思茅松种群的自疏进行了研究。基于研究结果,认为思茅松纯林的管理应以夫然更新为主、人工抚育间伐为辅。     

无刺构骨秋季光合特性的初步研究

采用Li-6400光合测定系统对无刺构骨的秋季光合特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,无剌构骨净光合速率（Pn）日变化规律为双峰曲线形式,有“午睡”现象,最高峰值于11：00左右出现,次高峰出现在14：00,日最大净光合速率为8.33μmol/m2·s,净光合速率（Pn）与气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（Tr）呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关.无刺枸骨光补偿点为12.146μmol/m2·s,光饱和点为1499μmoL/m2·s.     

Impact of biogenic terpene emissions from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> on tropospheric ozone over saxony (Germany)

INTRODUCTION: The role of biogenic emissions in tropospheric ozone production is currently under discussion and major aspects are not well understood yet. This study aims towards the estimation of the influence of biogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone concentrations over Saxony in general and of biogenic emissions from brassica napus in special. MODELLING TOOLS: The studies are performed by utilizing a coupled numerical modelling system consisting of the meteorological model METRAS and the chemistry transport model MUSCAT. For the chemical part, the Euro-RADM algorithm is used. EMISSIONS: Anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are taken into account. The anthropogenic emissions are introduced by an emission inventory. Biogenic emissions, VOC and NO, are calculated within the chemical transport model MUSCAT at each time step and in each grid cell depending on land use type and on the temperature. The emissions of hydrocarbons from forest areas as well as biogenic NO especially from agricultural grounds are considered. Also terpene emissions from brassica napus fields are estimated. SIMULATION SETUP AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS: The simulations were performed over an area with an extension of 160 x 140 km2 which covers the main parts of Saxony and neighboring areas of Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt and Thuringia. Summer smog with high ozone concentrations can be expected during high pressure conditions on hot summer days. Typical meteorological conditions for such cases were introduced in an conceptual way. RESULTS: It is estimated that biogenic emissions change tropospheric ozone concentrations in a noticeable way (up to 15% to 20%) and, therefore, should not be neglected in studies about tropospheric ozone. Emissions from brassica napus do have a moderate potential to enhance tropospheric ozone concentrations, but emissions are still under consideration and, therefore, results vary to a high degree. CONCLUSIONS: Summing up, the effect of brassica napus terpene emissions on ozone concentrations is noticeable, but not too pronounced. The results give a preliminary estimate on what the effect due to brassica napus emissions could be until better parameterizations can be derived from measurements.     

无柄小叶榕对盐碱地Cd、Cu的吸收特性及修复潜力

采用盆栽试验,研究无柄小叶榕(Ficus concinna var.Subsessilis)对盐碱地土壤重金属Cd和Cu的富集和转运能力,并探讨投加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(RL)对无柄小叶榕生长及其吸收Cd、Cu的影响.结果表明,人工模拟盐碱环境下无柄小叶榕能在不同浓度Cd、Cu单独或复合投加胁迫下正常生长,且体内重金属含量随投加浓度增大而升高,均表现为根地上部分;无柄小叶榕对Cd和Cu具有较强的富集能力,Cd的最大生物富集系数(BCF)为4.52±0.73,Cu为2.1±0.18,BCF值随着重金属投加浓度的增大逐渐减小,Cd、Cu转移系数(TF)均小于1;在Cd 50 mg·kg~(-1)、Cu 400 mg·kg~(-1)下的修复率最高分别为4.07%和2.66%;投加鼠李糖脂可以显著提高无柄小叶榕体内重金属的含量,土壤Cd 25 mg·kg~(-1)时,根部Cd含量最大提高了2.38倍,Cu 50 mg·kg~(-1)时根部Cu含量最大提高了1.91倍.综上,无柄小叶榕对温州重金属污染的盐碱地有很好的修复潜力,投加生物表面活性剂可有效提高无柄小叶榕对重金属Cd和Cu的吸收富集效率.     

南方红豆杉种子的化学成分分析

对南方红豆杉种子 (种仁 )的化学成分分析表明 :南方红豆杉干重 (DW)种子粗蛋白、粗脂肪、淀粉、可溶性糖的质量分数wDW分别为 9.92g (10 0g) -1,72 .86g (10 0g) -1,4 .15g (10 0g) -1,0 .38g (10 0g) -1;氨基酸的wDW为 9.10g (10 0g) -1,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸量的 2 8.0 5 % ;种子油脂肪酸组成以不饱和的油酸和亚油酸为主 ,其相对含量为 4 8.4 %和 4 2 .2 % ;种子元素质量分数分别为 :wDW(N) =15 87.2mg (10 0g) -1,wDW(P) =5 6 5 .4mg (10 0g) -1,wDW(K) =2 6 1.1mg(10 0g) -1,wDW(Ca) =18.4mg (10 0g) -1,wDW(Mg) =35 0 .5mg (10 0g) -1,其余微量元素含量由多到少依次为Zn >Fe>Na>Cu >Mn .表 4参 6     

Genotypic variation of nitrogen use efficiency in Indian mustard

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen efficiency (NE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (UE), physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PUE) among Indian mustard genotypes, grown under N-insufficient and N-sufficient conditions. Nitrogen efficiency varied from 52.7 to 92.8. Seed yield varied from 1.14 t ha(-1) to 3.21 t ha(-1) under N-insufficient condition, while 2.14 t ha(-1)-3.33 t ha(-1) under N-sufficient condition. Physiological basis of this difference was explained in terms of nitrogen uptake efficiency and physiological nitrogen use efficiency, and their relationship with the growth and yield characteristics. While nitrogen uptake efficiency was positively correlated with plant biomass (0.793**), leaf area index (0.664*), and leaf nitrogen content (0.783**), physiological nitrogen use efficiency is positively correlated with photosynthetic rate (0.689**) and yield (0.814**). This study suggests that genotype having high nitrogen uptake efficiency and high physiological nitrogen use efficiency might help in reducing the nitrogen load on soil without any penalty on the yield.