(火用)分析法在企业清洁生产实践中的应用

阐述清洁生产、节能降耗与可持续发展的关系,介绍一种比传统热能分析方法更加全面的、将能量的"质"与"量"相结合的能量评价法--(火用)分析法,阐明了(火用)的概念及基本分析原理、分析方法,并举例采用"黑箱-灰箱"模型进行能量(火用)分析,提出将(火用)分析法应用于企业清洁生产的实践中,帮助企业找出真正的耗能点,以采取有效措施达到节能降耗的目的.     

Nitrous oxide emission and reduction in a laboratory-incubated paddy soil response to pretreatment of water regime

IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isagreenhousegas.IncreasingatmosphericN2 Oconcentrationmayalsobedetrimentaltothestratosphericozonelayer(Crutzen ,1981) .AgriculturalsoilisamajorsourceofN2 O .MostN2 Ooriginateswithsoilprocesses,asanintermediateproductfrommic…     

抓住机遇 迎接挑战 协同发展 "天人合一"

论述了中国入世对长江流域可持续发展所带来的影响、机遇和挑战，讨论了可持续发展思想的内涵及影响长江流域可持续发展的重要问题。认为可持续发展思想应包含：当代人要重视发展和持续性，不断提高人群生活质量和资源环境的承载能力，满足当代人的需求又不损害后代人的需求，满足一个地区、国家的需求又不损害别的地区、国家的需求，并努力补救上代人所留下的资源、环境创伤。我们应认识七种要素：人口、资源、环境、经济、社会、知识和文化之间的内在关系，必须协同处理。自然资源是发展的基础。中国开展环境保护工作已有20多年，特别是改革开放以来取得很多进展，目前需对严重环境问题采取更有力的措施。讨论了中国入世后面临的企业、农业、人才资源、高新技术产业、政府管理体制的创新和法制建设等问题，并着重研究了可持续发展文明观、加强绿色管理和绿色产品开发、知识经济和环保产业等关键问题。     

Labeling Products of Biotechnology: Towards Communication and Consent

Recently, both consumers and producers ofbiotechnology products have insisted thatcommunication between the two be improved. The formerdemand more democratic participation in the riskassessment process of biotechnology products. Thelatter seek to correct misinformation regardingalleged risks from these products. One way to resolvethese concerns, I argue, is through the use ofbiotechnology labels. Such labeling fosters consumerautonomy and moves toward more participatory decisionmaking, in addition to ensuring that informed consentfrom consumers is maintained. Furthermore, althoughvoluntary biotech-free labeling in lieu of biotechlabels may uphold consumer sovereignty, the latterremains a more effective strategy for achievingethical communication between consumers and producersof biotechnology products.     

石油产品装卸过程中的油气回收技术

介绍了石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染及其治理方法、工艺过程与技术特点。结合中国石化股份有限公司长岭分公司石油产品装卸过程产生的油气污染情况,对油气回收方案的选择、回收工艺及油品回收情况与经济效益进行了论述。     

餐厨垃圾水热炭化产物分配规律及液固产物特性研究

以实采餐厨垃圾为对象,探究了3种反应强度("温和"180℃-1h、"中等"220℃-2h和"剧烈"260℃-4h)下餐厨垃圾水热炭化三相产物分配规律及液固产物特性.结果表明,反应强度显著影响产物分配.随反应强度提升,固相产物(水热炭)产率先上升后下降;液相产物(炭化液)产率先降低后趋于稳定;而气相产物产率持续上升.但无...     

一株呋喃丹降解菌(CDS-1)的分离和性状研究

从活性污泥中 ,分离到一株能降解呋喃丹的细菌CDS 1,14h内对 10 0mg·L-1的呋喃丹的降解率达 10 0 % .依据其形态和生理生化特征 ,将该菌初步鉴定为鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonassp) .CDS 1降解适宜pH为 6 0～ 7 0 ,适宜温度是 30℃ .降解过程中受外界营养物的影响小 .通过气质联机对细菌降解呋喃丹的代谢产物进行检测 ,发现呋喃丹的降解产物为呋喃酚 ,同时还检测到红色化合物 2 ,4 二叔丁基苯醌的存在 .     

逆向物流中的环境影响评价

逆向物流具有先天的环保意义 ,但企业往往无法准确估计逆向物流能为环境绩效带来多大改善 ,因而缺乏实施逆向物流的动力。而环境影响评价是解决这个问题的有力工具 ,只是目前在逆向物流上的应用还很少。文中论述了环境影响评价在逆向物流中的应用 ,包括估计逆向物流的环保意义 ,以及控制逆向物流系统的环境绩效。     

杭州市农贸市场的噪声特点分析

对农贸市场噪声进行了监测分析。结果发现,农贸市场营业时,市场内的噪声超标,其最小值出现在中午,最大值出现在下午下班高峰期;农贸市场一天内不同时段噪声污染级的数值大小有一定的差距;用噪声冲击指数来评定农贸市场声环境质量,其声环境质量极差。     

Relative Assessment of Indicators in Sustainability Enhancement (RAISE): a first approach in the manufacturing stage of products

The estimation of the sustainability performance of products requires tools to provide systematic approaches to the definition of impacts, indicators and comparative scenarios from early design stages. This paper illustrates the Relative Assessment of Indicators in Sustainability Enhancement (RAISE) methodology that is based on the measure of negative impacts generated during any product life cycle stage. This approach includes a systematic process for the definition and evaluation of indicators to compare the sustainability performance of products considering each indicator individually and using a holistic index of sustainability to entail an overall comparison between products from manufacturing scenarios. The RAISE method is developed with the aim of assessing sustainability performance of product life cycle stages and incorporating this assessment into the decision-making process when comparing different manufacturing scenarios. A guitar capo manufactured in polymeric material is used as case study to demonstrate the use of the method. In this paper, only the manufacturing stage is considered; however, the method can also be employed in other stages of the life cycle.