窄脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫产物收集研究

对窄脉总电晕等离子体烟气脱硫过程中的产物收集进行了研究与探讨，结果表明正脉冲流注电晕放电烟气脱硫过程中产生的电粉尘以及电晕极肥大等问题，对脱硫产物的收集有很大影响。     

Photolysis of a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels in natural water with disinfection purposes

The photodegradation of anthracene(AN) and benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),two priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),was examined at ultra-trace levels in surface water to elucidate their behaviour under several irradiance values and types of radiation.The emitting flux and the spectrum of the lamps were found to develop a crucial role in AN and BaP degradation since removal efficiencies of the target contaminants higher than 99%were found after 15 min of irradiation under an ultraviolet C(UVC) irradiance of 0.63 mW/cm~2,corresponding to a fluence of 560.25 mJ/cm~2.On the other hand,although ultraviolet A(UVA) lamps exhibited a higher irradiance compared to that of UVC lamps,they were not efficient for degrading the target PAHs.The removal kinetic studies corroborated these findings,being the AN elimination rate in surface water higher than that in deionized water at optimal operating conditions.Disinfection potential was also measured.A rapid microbial load inactivation,in terms of total coliforms naturally contained in the water matrix studied,was evidenced within 15 min of treatment for the fluence referred.However,after 24 hr in the dark,a regrowth was observed.Additionally,photolysis products more toxic than the parent compounds were found,which were not removed even by extending the treatment time.In this regard,it can be concluded that the individual action of UVC light for removing AN and BaP with disinfection purposes is not an efficient treatment;therefore,the use of radiation in combination with other kinds of treatments is required.     

厌氧膜生物反应器中亲疏水性有机物的膜污染特征

采用树脂吸附脱附的方法对厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）中溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMP）的6种亲疏水性有机物进行了分离,其中,亲水中性物质是SMP的主要成分,占总有机物的74.84%.多糖、蛋白质和腐殖质类物质在亲疏水性有机物中均有分布.采用恒压死端过滤的方式对比分析了6种亲疏水性有机物的微滤特性,发现在TOC浓度相同的条件下,亲水性碱（HIB）是造成膜通量下降最快的物质,其次是亲水中性物（HIN）和疏水性酸（HOA）,膜通量下降速率与有机物平均粒径呈指数相关关系（R²=0.9965）.采用过滤模型对微滤过程进行拟合,HOA、HIN和HIB的过滤过程分别符合标准堵塞模型、中间过滤模型和滤饼过滤模型的特征,与其粒径分布特征相对应.试验进一步对比了亲疏水性有机物污染层的可逆性,结果表明HIN造成的膜污染不易通过物理反冲洗得到恢复.     

我国大陆地区电器电子产品报废量预测研究

随着我国电器电子产品的报废量不断增长,准确预测报废量及其分布对回收网络体系规划研究十分关键.本文利用Gompertz模型及保有量系数法对我国电器电子产品报废量进行建模,在验证预测模型及结果准确性的前提下,对全国31个省2003—2020年电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、空调及电脑的报废量进行预测,并对5种家用电器报废总量构成、时间序列及空间分布进行分析.结果表明,到2020年,我国5种家用电器报废量将达到20.3亿台,广东省以1794万台报废量列居全国首位,上海市以1083台·km~(-2)的报废密度列居首位;按现有回收处理规模,2014年全国仍存在103万t待处理缺口.最后对废旧电器电子产品拆解处理产能布局提出了合理化建议,为我国的家用电器回收网络规划提供参考.     

电光源产品升级研究

本文罗列了近年来电光源产品的一些重要技术壁垒，并对这些壁垒进行了统计和分析，提出我国生产企业只有引进先进理念，变“被动应付”为“主动抵御”，才能实现电光源产品升级的观点。文章从四个方面详细阐述了技术壁垒的应对措施和产品升级设计的理念，希望对电光源生产企业提高产品质量有一定的启发。     

泰乐菌素的微生物降解途径及其降解产物研究

研究了越南伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia vietnamiensis)对泰乐菌素的降解能力,并通过对降解产物的分析,推测了泰乐菌素的微生物降解途径.在自主筛选驯化分离到1株泰乐菌素高效降解菌B.vietnamiensis的基础上,采用高效液相色谱法测定其在不同条件下降解泰乐菌素的能力,并利用制备液相色谱分离纯化降解产物,质谱鉴定其结构.实验结果表明:B.vietnamiensis能高度耐受并快速降解泰乐菌素,用B.vietnamiensis处理初始浓度为50、100、200、300、400或500 mg·L-1的泰乐菌素培养基7 d,泰乐菌素的降解率均达到99%以上.B.vietnamiensis降解泰乐菌素的可能途径是:泰乐菌素A首先脱去碳霉糖转化为泰乐菌素B,然后分子中内酯键和醛基再经水解和还原生成2个新的降解产物.研究结果为泰乐菌素微生物降解机制的研究以及在此基础上降解酶的确定提供有价值的技术参考.     

一株高效絮凝剂产生菌的分离鉴定与絮凝特性研究

采用富集培养及平板分离方法从成都某污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选出一株具有絮凝活性的菌株SNUX-1,经形态特征及16S rRNA鉴定该菌株为约氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii).对该菌株絮凝活性分布及在不同生长条件下所产絮凝剂的絮凝率进行了研究,并对其絮凝剂成分进行了分析.结果表明,该菌株所产微生物絮凝剂为胞外产物,显色剂显色结果表明,该絮凝剂不含蛋白质成分,含有糖类成分;在以蔗糖为碳源、培养基初始pH值为8、以氯化铜为助凝剂的条件下培养12 h,该菌株所产微生物絮凝剂的絮凝率最高,达96.71％,可作为治理环境污染的菌种资源.     

Disentangling technological innovations: a micro-econometric analysis of their determinants

On the basis of a unique firm-level dataset from the German manufacturing sector, this paper empirically examines the determinants of environmental and non-environmental product and process innovations. The micro-econometric analysis with multivariate probit models points to an extremely high relevance of R&D activities for all technological innovation types, as well as to the relevance of a few market pull factors. The estimation results additionally reveal the importance of organisational measures for environmental product and process innovations. In this regard, not only certified environmental management systems, but also specific process- and product-related environmental organisational measures and even general organisational measures, such as the certification of a quality management system according to ISO 9001, play a crucial role. The estimation results therefore suggest the encouragement of firm-internal R&D activities and organisational measures by (environmental) policy in order to stimulate environmental technological innovations, which are able to both limit the environmental burden and contribute to the technological modernisation of the economy.     

介质阻挡放电对氯苯的降解特性及其产物分析

鉴于生物法对难生物降解性、低水溶性的VOCs去除效果不佳,因此开发高效的前处理技术来提高生物法的净化能力已成为新的热点.本实验以生物可降解性差的氯苯为目标污染物,以介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(DBD)为生物法的前处理技术,通过调节DBD反应器的工艺参数,研究其对氯苯的降解效果,考察了进气浓度、停留时间、湿度、峰值电压等因素对去除率的影响,并对尾气进行初步分析.结果表明,DBD能有效去除氯苯废气,氯苯去除率随峰值电压的升高而增大;当电压≥12k V时,停留时间对氯苯的降解影响较小;65%~75%为氯苯降解的最佳湿度范围.通过产物分析,发现产物的种类和浓度随着放电电压的升高而增多增大,主要是以有机酸类和氯代烃为主.产物的水溶性较好;可生化性随着电压升高而增强;随电压升高,小球藻受到的生长抑制作用越来越小,当电压达到20k V时,反而有促进作用.降解过程中产生的O3量随着电压的升高而增多,并且在同一电压下臭氧产生量随着湿度的增大而增多.     

污泥水热液化水相产物中氮元素变化规律的研究

亚临界水直接液化是实现污泥资源化的一种潜在手段.针对污泥亚临界水热液化水相产物中氮元素的变化规律进行了系统地研究.结果表明,在研究的反应温度和反应时间范围内,水相产物中总氮的质量浓度ρ(TN)在2 867.62~4 171.30mg·L-1之间变化,氮的主要存在形态为氨氮(NH+4-N)和有机氮(Org-N),其中NH+4-N占54.6%~90.7%,Org-N占7.4%~44.5%,ρ(NO-3-N)远远低于ρ(NH+4-N)及ρ(Org-N).反应温度是影响氮元素含量的重要因素,相同反应时间下ρ(TN)和ρ(Org-N)随反应温度的升高而降低.随反应时间的延长,ρ(TN)和ρ(Org-N)逐渐增加,而ρ(NH+4-N)则呈现出先增加,后平稳,再些许减少的趋势.