消费品风险评价的伤害情景与三维矩阵集成方法

通过对比分析美国、欧盟及中国的消费品质量安全风险监管和评估现状,得出我国在消费品法律及标准、伤害监测与事故信息平台及公开、消费品风险辨识及评价程序等方面有待深化研究;基于2012年欧美等国家、地区对我国出口消费品的通报数据的统计分析,识别了主要消费品的隐患及危害类型,给出了伤害情景与三维矩阵集成的消费品风险评价方法,为消费品安全评价提供了新方法、新途径,并以婴儿车为例,进行了应用分析,检验了该方法的可行性。     

绿色消费认知和意愿的行为学调查与分析

绿色消费是解决当前中国环境污染的重要战略组成部分,本文研究了对上海市开展的关于绿色消费1200余份调查问卷。研究结果显示:1)人们环境意识和绿色消费意愿普遍提高,98%的受访者愿意为保护环境做出自身行为的改变。2)绿色消费认知参差不齐。对绿色产品的认知渠道不多,绿色产品的标签知晓率低于30%。3)绿色消费意愿强烈但支付能力还有限,82%的消费者愿意购买绿色产品,但支付不能超过同类普通商品10%的额外费用。研究结果还表明:绿色消费与性别、年龄、职业以及学历等具有相关关系。     

Book reviews and notices

This study aims to examine the mediating role of the customer environmental satisfaction in the effect of environmental friendliness of products and the company on customer loyalty in using green products in Malaysia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis is performed to test the proposed hypotheses among 200 full time university students with purchasing experience at least once a week green products like organic vegetables. SEM results showed that customer environmental satisfaction significantly affected customer loyalty. This pair of relationships has the highest standardized beta coefficients, signifying the most important aspect of consideration by respondents among the rest of the proposed hypotheses. Next, customer environmental satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between environmental friendliness of products and customer loyalty in using green products. The results confirmed that customers are satisfied with their decision to purchase green products as they consume the least amount of resources and energy which results in minimum environmental damage and are also easy to recycle, disassemble, decompose, and reuse. Marketers should focus on creating effective marketing strategies and green promotional activities to attract customers for their green products. Marketers should control and enhance the quality of green products, as well as emphasizing their environmental satisfaction and increasing customer loyalty levels. This empirical study advanced marketers’ and policy makers’ understanding of the identification of customer environmental satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between environmental friendliness of products and customer loyalty has been inspected in Malaysian context.     

当前名人文化旅游产品开发中存在的问题和化解对策

该文基于名人文化旅游产品开发建设热潮背景下,全面剖析了名人文化旅游产品开发中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了名人文化旅游产品开发对策.参12.     

超声波与氯胺联用工艺去除水中三氯生的研究

采用超声与氯胺联用工艺对水中三氯生(TCS)的去除进行了研究,考察了超声功率、氯胺投加量、TCS初始浓度、pH值和自由基捕获剂等因素对TCS去除的影响,鉴定识别了降解产物并探讨联用工艺降解TCS的机理.结果表明,超声和氯胺联用去除TCS具有协同效应,可以有效地去除TCS.超声波功率为600W,TCS浓度为200μg/L,氯胺浓度为5mg/L时,120min后TCS去除率可达90.8%.联用工艺中增加超声功率可以提高TCS的去除,TCS的去除率随氯胺浓度升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,随着初始浓度的升高而下降,碱性环境有利于TCS的去除,pH值为10.7时,TCS的去除可达100%,自由基捕获剂叔丁醇TBA对TCS的去除有抑制作用. GC/MS扫描分析表明2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)为TCS的降解产物.     

浅析振动环境中典型电子产品的损伤规律

在分析电子装备结构特点及冲击振动环境影响因素基础上,阐述了电子产品在振动环境中的损伤机理与模式,以某型雷达装备为试验对象,选取该装备某型组合体与电路板进行冲击振动与扫频振动试验,分析了电子产品在振动环境中损伤的一般规律。试验表明:电子产品在振动环境中的损伤不仅与振动类型及幅值有关,也与其自身结构有着密切的关系。     

低温等离子体技术净化空气中的甲苯

等离子体技术是一种有效去除VOCs的方法. 介绍了等离子体净化技术的原理,通过甲苯净化实验,分析了在改变电压、污染物入口质量浓度等参数后净化效率的变化. 结果表明:在电压为9 kV,ρ(甲苯)小于12 g/m3时,反应器有较高的净化效率,尤其在低ρ(甲苯)时,净化效率可接近于100%. 实验还主要观察了副产物ρ(CO)的变化,在处理低ρ(甲苯)时,ρ(CO)较低;而随着ρ(甲苯)的增加,ρ(CO)增长较快. 等离子体协同催化实验提高了反应器的处理极限,通过添加催化剂,降低了CO的产生量,使有机物更多地转化为无害的CO₂;同时,由于反应器放电过程还会产生高浓度的臭氧,必须使用后置处理装置将其去除,以彻底实现无二次污染.      

Testing a Scandinavian Biodiversity Assessment Tool in an African Desert Environment

Life cycle assessment-based environmental product declarations (EPDs) require the inclusion of biodiversity impacts across the entire supply chain. The objective of this study is to test the applicability of a Scandinavian biodiversity assessment tool, developed specifically for use with EPD applications, in an African desert environment, linking the industry types power generation and mining. For this purpose, a GIS-based spatial analysis tool—the biotope method—was adapted to a framework approach which allowed the selection of more suitable, site-specific biodiversity indicators. The biotope method provides a step-by-step process of defining system boundaries, mapping biotopes, categorizing biotopes based on site-specific indicators, and evaluating change in biotope status “before” and “after” the impact. The development of site-specific indicators was piloted in this study and determined by the affected ecosystem and the status of knowledge on biodiversity in this geographic area. Thus plants were used as indicators for biodiversity, and red-list status and endemism constituted the prime criteria for conservation value of plants. This in turn represented the key criterion for classifying biotopes. The tested biodiversity assessment tool has potential for application in different environments and operational settings but leaves room for improvement by including secondary impacts in the assessment and using a wider range of taxa for indicators of biodiversity.     

电子产品环境试验概述

电子产品环境试验是将产品置于典型的自然或人工环境条件下,用以鉴定产品在运输、贮存和使用中的环境适应性。环境试验在产品研制和生产各个阶段得到了广泛的应用,了解环境试验对设计人员和试验人员有着重要的作用。文中着重介绍了环境试验的分类与试验项目、环境试验的顺序的选择、环境试验的实施及国内环境试验存在的问题与建议。     

生命周期评价与清洁生产

以清洁生产为主的污染“防止”战略将取代以末端处理为主的污染“防治”战略。评价一项清洁生产技术，需要采用生命周期评价的方法对工艺、产品和能源进行整个生命周期的环境影响和资源消耗的分析。本文主要介绍生命周期评价的基本概念和基本方法，评述生命周期评价的研究结果的应用范围，并给出了生命周期评价研究的一些实例。