自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器产品与标准分析

为了促进我国自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器技术和产品质量的提升,科学指导我国国家强制标准《呼吸防护自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器》的制定工作,通过调研分析当前国内外市场上自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器产品现状,系统梳理了相关装备及技术发展情况,研究表明产品的轻量化、防护的广谱性、使用的便捷性与可靠性是现有绝大多数自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器的核心性能要求。在此基础上,结合国外自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器标准,针对我国正在进行的自吸过滤式逃生呼吸器国家强制标准制定工作中应重点关注的问题进行了探讨,以期对下一步国家标准的制定工作提供基本思路和技术支撑。     

基于生命周期的产品环境成本分析模型研究

在研究企业环境成本的基础上,结合生命周期思想重新界定了产品环境成本的定义,并按产品环境成本的形成对其进行了分解,进而构建了基于生命周期的产品环境成本分析模型,旨在分析环境成本对总成本的贡献程度,以明确产品的环境责任。     

产品适时转型是企业清洁生产的一种重要方式

以禾友化工有限公司清洁生产审计为例,根据市场的需要,适时的实施产品转型的策略,在提高资源的利用效率、降低生产成本和能耗、降污等方面产生明显的效果,进而提高了经济效益和环境效益。     

气候变化对江苏省经济的影响研究

利用经济学上的“投入—产出”分析方法 ,结合气候变化对农业产量影响的计算机模拟系统 ,研究了当气候变化影响农业生产和产量时 ,江苏省农业产值的变化及与农业部门相联系的国民经济各个部门产出量的变化。考虑江苏省的经济发展速度和产业结构 ,预测了未来不同气候变化情景下 ,为使经济发展达到预期目标 ,社会需对各经济部门追加的资金投入量及各经济部门之间相互投入量的变化 ,提出了适应气候变化的相应对策。研究结果反映了国民经济各部门之间及部门与整体的相互联系 ,从而对制定区域经济平衡发展规划提供了理论依据和建议。     

金厂沟梁金矿冬季防冻通风系统的研究

利用地温预热入风流技术，设计了金厂沟梁金矿冬季防冻通风系统。系统运行后，各提升井内温度均达+2℃以上，防止了提升井结冰，保证了安全生产。     

中国水产品质量安全与有机水产养殖探讨

随着中国水产养殖业的迅速发展。养殖水体环境污染、药物滥用等因素导致了常规水产品质量不断下降。有机水产养殖作为一种可持续发展模式。旨在实现水产健康安全养殖与生态环境保护的协调发展。是2l世纪中国水产健康养殖的发展方向和必然趋势。本文阐述了有机水产养殖的内涵和基本原则。探讨了中国有机水产养殖的兴起与发展现状。并就如何保证水产健康发展提出了若干建议。     

Cu2+对活性污泥代谢及群落结构的影响

为探究微量Cu2+对微生物代谢产物及群落结构的影响,采用序批式反应器(SBR),以含Cu2+原水作用下活性污泥为研究对象,分析不同质量浓度Cu2对胞外聚合物(EPS)和溶解性代谢产物(SMP)的影响,并通过聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析总细菌在不同质量浓度微量Cu2+驯化前后的群落结构.结果表明,活性污泥的EPS质量浓度受Cu2+的影响呈波动下降趋势,反应中后期趋于稳定,稳定区间与Cu2+质量浓度成反比.Cu2+加入反应体系后会造成SMP质量浓度短暂下降,随后微生物释放SMP来缓解环境压力,SMP质量浓度有所回升;中后期由于Cu2+积累导致细胞自溶、释放SMP,SMP质量浓度突增,增长幅度与Cu2+质量浓度成正比.不同质量浓度Cu2+会造成特定菌群的消亡,还会促进耐受力强的微生物成为优势菌种.含Cu2+原水会使微生物量和群落多样性降低,当Cu2+质量浓度为3.5 mg/L时SDI由1.92下降至1.23,而由于新优势菌种的产生,Cu2+质量浓度为5.0 mg/L时SDI有所回升.     

我国空气净化器标准体系建设的思考

本文总结、综述了我国现有的空气净化器相关标准,包括直接、间接和引用相关标准,分析了现有标准体系的特点和存在的问题,对我国空气净化器标准体系的建设和完善,提出了一些制修订建议,希望借此建议推动规范空气净化器产品市场,从而更好地为消费者服务。     

Anaerobic testosterone degradation in Steroidobacter denitrificans - Identification of transformation products

The transformation of the androgenic steroid testosterone by gammaproteobacterium Steroidobacter denitrificans was studied under denitrifying conditions. For the first time, growth experiments showed that testosterone was mineralized under consumption of nitrate and concurrent biomass production. Experiments with cell suspensions using [4-¹⁴C]-testosterone revealed the intermediate production of several transformation products (TPs). Characterisation of ten TPs was carried out by means of HPLC coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization as well as ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (trans-androsterone) was formed in the highest amount followed by 5α-androstan-3,17-dione. The data suggests that several dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes take place concurrently in ring A and D because no consistent time-resolved pattern of TP peaks was observed and assays using 2 TPs as substrates resulted in essentially the same TPs. The further transformation of testosterone in S. denitrificans seems to be very efficient and fast without formation of detectable intermediates.     

Mobile fission and activation products in nuclear waste disposal

When disposing nuclear waste in clay formations it is expected that the most radiotoxic elements like Pu, Np or Am move only a few centimetres to meters before they decay. Only a few radionuclides are able to reach the biosphere and contribute to their long-term exposure risks, mainly anionic species like I129, Cl36, Se79 and in some cases C14 and Tc99, whatever the scenario considered. The recent OECD/NEA cosponsored international MOFAP workshop focussed on transport and chemical behaviour of these less toxic radionuclides. New research themes have been addressed, such as how to make use of molecular level information for the understanding of the problem of migration at large distances. Diffusion studies need to face mineralogical heterogeneities over tens to hundreds of meters. Diffusion rates are very low since the clay rock pores are so small (few nm) that electrostatic repulsion limits the space available for anion diffusion (anion exclusion). The large volume of traversed rock will provide so many retention sites that despite weak retention, even certain of these “mobile” nuclides may show significant retardation. However, the question how to measure reliably very low retention parameters has been posed. An important issue is whether redox states or organic/inorganic speciation change from their initial state at the moment of release from the waste during long term contact with surfaces, hydrogen saturated environments, etc.