浅析宜宾市旅游资源开发的方向与对策

通过分析宜宾市旅游资源开发的现状及问题,对该市旅游资源的开发方向提出了自己的见解,并具体论述了该市旅游资源开发的对策。     

浅析旋刀式草坪割草机产品质量状况

在当前市场经济条件下,草坪割草机产品质量问题尤为重要,直接关系到环境、人身安全、作业质量等。本文论述了国内草坪割草机产品质量现状及存在的主要问题,为了加强草坪割草机产品的质量管理,并提出了改进建议。     

Ethanol washing of PAH-contaminated soil and Fenton oxidation of washing solution

As a means to remediate soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we investigated a combined process involving ethanol washing followed by a Fenton oxidation reaction. Artificial loamy soil was contaminated with various representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, or benzo(a)pyrene) at concentrations ten times higher than regulatory soil standards of The Netherlands or Canada, and then washed four times in ethanol, which reduced the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination to below the regulatory standard. Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, or indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed a removal efficiency of 73.3%–99.0%; by contrast, solutions containing naphthalene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, or benzo(b)fluoranthene showed a removal efficiency of 9.6%–27.6%. Since each of the nonremediated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, excluding benzo(b)fluoranthene, are easily biodegradable, these results indicate that the proposed treatment can be successfully applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil that does not contain high concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene. The main reaction products resulting from Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene or benz(a)anthracene were anthraquinon or benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione, respectively; while 1,8-naphthalic anhydride was produced by solutions of acenaphthylene and acenaphthene, and 9-fluorenone by a fluorene solution. Received: June 9, 1998 / Accepted: March 24, 1999     

气田企业天然气产品节能量计算方法探讨

研究比较现有国内外节能量计算方法,遵循国家标准中节能量计算的基本原则,按照能量物流平衡原理,考虑气田产量自然递减等因素对气田企业综合能耗的影响,对国家标准中的企业产品节能量计算公式进行修正,建立了符合气田生产特点和气田节能实际的气田企业天然气产品节能量计算公式。     

电子产品虚拟试验评估技术综述

介绍了虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估鉴定中的应用方法。首先论述了虚拟试验技术产生的背景及其技术优势。然后结合国外的研究状况,重点对电子产品虚拟试验评估技术的基本流程和涉及的关键技术作了总结和归纳。最后,指出虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估中具有广阔的应用前景。     

鄱阳湖流域水体和水产品中苯酚的暴露特征及人体健康风险评估

苯酚（phenol）被广泛应用于工业生产,在水环境中大量检出,具有皮肤灼伤、抑制中枢神经和肝脏损伤等健康毒性.调查了鄱阳湖水体和水产品中苯酚的暴露浓度,采用商值法和概率风险评估法,基于本土人群暴露参数评估苯酚对鄱阳湖流域成人的健康风险.分析结果表明,水体中苯酚浓度范围为ND~556.26 ng·L^-1,水产品中苯酚含量范围在11.98~255.51 μg·kg^-1.鄱阳湖湖区成人饮水健康风险值在3.80×10^-7~8.46×10^-5范围内,湖区南部河流聚集处及北部长江交汇处的成人饮水健康风险较高.成人通过食用鄱阳湖不同种类水产品产生的健康风险范围为2.65×10^-5~1.47×10^-4,食用黄颡鱼和鲶鱼产生的健康风险比其他种类水产品高一个数量级.通过Monte Carlo模拟评估苯酚的健康概率风险,并探讨鄱阳湖流域人群暴露参数敏感性.结果表明鄱阳湖流域成人饮水和水产品食用的95百分位健康风险值处于可接受水平,苯酚环境暴露浓度对健康风险值的影响最大.本研究结果可为鄱阳湖流域水环境中苯酚的风险管控提供参考.     

Effects of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as end product

The effect of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product was studied by using a SBR. Experimental results indicated that the growth of nitrobacteria was inhibited and very high levels of nitrite accumulation at different salinities were achieved under the conditions of 25--28℃, pH 7.5--8.0, and the influent ammonia nitrogen of 40--70mg/L when seawater flow used to flush toilet was less than 35% (salinity 12393 mg/L, Cl^- 6778mg/L) of total domestic wastewater flow, which is mainly ascribed to much high chlorine concentration of seawater. Results showed that high seawater salinity is available for short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product. When the seawater flow used to flush toilet accounting for above 70% of the total domestic wastewater flow, the removal efficiency of ammonia was still above 80% despite the removal of organics declined obviously(less than 60% ). It was found that the effect of seawater salinity on the removal of organics was negative rather than positive one as shown for ammonia removal.     

对硝基苯胺耐盐降解菌S8的筛选及特性研究

从江苏农药厂活性污泥中筛选出1株能以对硝基苯胺为唯一碳源和氮源生长代谢的耐盐降解菌S8.通过对其形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).研究表明,该菌株具有较强的对硝基苯胺降解能力.当温度31℃和pH 6.0时,S8在72 h内对60 mg·L-1和120 mg·L-1对硝基苯胺的降解率分别为65.6%和55.8%.在高盐条件下,S8仍有较强的降解能力,当盐含量为7%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为49.5%(72 h);当盐含量为10%时,对硝基苯胺降解率为27.4%(72 h).利用LC-MS法分析降解产物时,共发现6种分子量不同的化合物,其中两种为苯酚及对苯二酚.此为首次关于对硝基苯胺耐盐菌株的研究报道,菌株S8可用于含有对硝基苯胺的高盐工业废水的微生物修复.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）生物降解过程对植物生长的影响评价

通过苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense Stapf）、籽粒笕（Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.）、豇豆（Vigna sesquipedalis Wight）种子的发芽试验及其盆栽试验,考察了PBS在土壤浸提液中的生物降解性能,探讨了PBS高聚物、低聚物和合成单体对植物的发芽和生长影响。研究结果表明：①在土壤浸提液中微生物对PBS有一定的降解作用,且在降解过程中,降解液的pH变化不明显;②PBS高聚物的降解产物对植物生长没有影响;③P BS低聚物在降解初期抑制部分植物的幼苗生长,后期对植物的生长没有影响;④当丁二酸的质量浓度低于200 mg.L^-1时,对植物种子的发芽和幼苗生长不会产生影响,当质量浓度高于500 mg.L^-1时,将抑制幼苗生长;当1,4-丁二醇的质量浓度低于2 000 mg.L-1时,对种子的发芽和生长没有影响。     

O3/H2O2去除水中硝基苯效果与机理

以硝基苯为目标反应物,对O₃/H₂O₂体系氧化去除水中硝基苯的效果和机理进行了研究,考察了pH值、H₂O₂剂量、自由基抑制剂或促进剂对硝基苯的去除效果的影响.研究发现,在pH≤7时,H₂O₂促进臭氧化去除硝基苯的效果较为明显,当H₂O₂投加量从1.0 mg/L增加到4.0 mg/L时,在氧化5 min内,硝基苯