凹凸棒粘土的产品开发与利用

凹凸棒粘土是一种自然界较稀少、性能独特、用途广泛的非金属矿产.凹凸棒粘土流变性良好,具有独特的胶体性能,是理想的无机胶凝材料,其表面物理化学结构及离子状态使其具有良好的吸附性能.凹凸棒粘土具有载体功能,可作为催化剂的载体,同时还可作为缓释肥料和农药的载体.凹凸棒粘土表面有结构残基、表面羟基使其具有补强性能,在石油、化工、食品、环保、农药、医药、建材等领域得到了广泛的应用.利用我国凹凸棒土资源丰富的特点,加快技术创新,使我国凹凸棒粘土工业跻身于世界先进之列.     

Dilo针刺无纺滤料生产线特性分析

通过与国内针刺生产设备的对比,对进口Dilo针刺技术的优势、设备构造、自动化性能,以及产品的指标参数等进行了阐述,认为采用先进生产设备不仅能够提高企业产品的产量和质量,而且对企业自身的发展有促进作用。     

Evidence of the radioactive fallout in the center of Asia (Russia) following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

It was recently reported that radioactive fallout due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident was detected in environmental samples collected in the USA and Greece, which are very far away from Japan. In April-May 2011, fallout radionuclides (¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³¹I) released in the Fukushima Nuclear Accident were detected in environmental samples at the city of Krasnoyarsk (Russia), situated in the center of Asia. Similar maximum levels of ¹³¹I and ¹³⁷Cs/¹³⁴Cs and ¹³¹I/¹³⁷Cs ratios in water samples collected in Russia and Greece suggest the high-velocity movement of the radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and the global effects of this accident, similar to those caused by the Chernobyl accident.     

电子产品环境试验概述

电子产品环境试验是将产品置于典型的自然或人工环境条件下,用以鉴定产品在运输、贮存和使用中的环境适应性。环境试验在产品研制和生产各个阶段得到了广泛的应用,了解环境试验对设计人员和试验人员有着重要的作用。文中着重介绍了环境试验的分类与试验项目、环境试验的顺序的选择、环境试验的实施及国内环境试验存在的问题与建议。     

不同养殖水体Cu的特征

采用野外采样和室内分析,试验结果表明池塘、稻田、水库水中Cu有超标样本,溪河水中Cu含量较低,不同养殖水体底泥和鱼肉中Cu均无超标样本。模拟结果表明鱼肉中Cu同水中Cu有直线关系,稻田水中Cu同鱼肉中Cu呈倒数曲线关系,因此控制养殖水中Cu的输入对鱼产品质量安全有重要意义。     

紫外光照处理低浓度萘普生废水

萘普生为水体中常见的一种非甾体药物类污染物。以300W汞灯为光源,研究紫外光照降解法对于含低浓度萘普生废水的处理效果,发现pH对萘普生光解效果有直接影响,降解优异性顺序为酸性>碱性>中性。通过实验,确定了萘普生光解的最佳pH值为4,光照时间为40 min,在该实验条件下,萘普生的降解率达到97.6%。通过液相色谱-质谱联用法对降解后水样进行检测,初步推导出光解中间产物为6-甲氧基-2-乙酰基萘、6-甲氧基-2-乙烯萘及β-萘酚。     

沉钒废水蒸发结晶产物——硫酸盐渣处理工艺

利用焙烧的方法处理沉钒废水蒸发浓缩后的硫酸盐渣,干燥条件为130～160℃下1～1.5 h,焙烧条件为550～600℃下0.5～1 h,能够将废渣中的硫酸铵彻底分解,得到满足GB/T 6009-2003《工业无水硫酸钠》要求的硫酸钠产品。     

浅析环保产品认证对环保产品标准的宣贯作用

简介了目前我国环保产品标准的施行现状,以及环保产品认证的模式、依据、作用等,结合环保产品认证的三个环节中涉及环保产品标准实施的内容,阐述了全面开展环保产品认证对宣传贯彻环保产品标准的实施起到的积极推动作用。     

Testing a Scandinavian Biodiversity Assessment Tool in an African Desert Environment

Life cycle assessment-based environmental product declarations (EPDs) require the inclusion of biodiversity impacts across the entire supply chain. The objective of this study is to test the applicability of a Scandinavian biodiversity assessment tool, developed specifically for use with EPD applications, in an African desert environment, linking the industry types power generation and mining. For this purpose, a GIS-based spatial analysis tool—the biotope method—was adapted to a framework approach which allowed the selection of more suitable, site-specific biodiversity indicators. The biotope method provides a step-by-step process of defining system boundaries, mapping biotopes, categorizing biotopes based on site-specific indicators, and evaluating change in biotope status “before” and “after” the impact. The development of site-specific indicators was piloted in this study and determined by the affected ecosystem and the status of knowledge on biodiversity in this geographic area. Thus plants were used as indicators for biodiversity, and red-list status and endemism constituted the prime criteria for conservation value of plants. This in turn represented the key criterion for classifying biotopes. The tested biodiversity assessment tool has potential for application in different environments and operational settings but leaves room for improvement by including secondary impacts in the assessment and using a wider range of taxa for indicators of biodiversity.     

施用不同污泥堆肥品对土壤温室气体排放的影响

通过田间试验,分别施加两种不同的污泥堆肥品（A：含生物质炭堆肥品,B：不含生物质炭堆肥品）和不同施肥量,分析土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O动态变化特征和排放系数,研究施用污泥堆肥品对土壤温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,土壤CO₂和CH₄排放主要集中在生长期,生物质炭堆肥品低施用量能减少CO₂排放,而高施肥量增加CO₂排放.CH₄排放主要为负值,总体表现为土壤吸收CH₄,对照处理吸收量远高于其他处理（P<0.01）,A组处理CH₄吸收量随施肥量的增加而增加（P<0.05）.N₂O排放集中在发芽期和幼苗期,施肥量越高,排放量越大（P<0.01）.污泥堆肥品农用过程排放的温室气体主要是N₂O,施用A、B两种污泥堆肥品的土壤N₂O排放系数分别为1.02%~1.90%和1.28%~2.93%.生物质炭堆肥品具有显著的碳减排效果,其温室气体排放量比不含生物质炭堆肥品的土壤低19.49%~35.56%,且对于N₂O的减排效果较CH₄更为显著.