曝气时间对模拟豆制品废水处理效果影响

大豆营养丰富,保健功能强,其蛋白质含量高达36%以上,而胆固醇含量极低,因此已成为人们摄取植物性蛋白的主要来源之一。为了提高国民素质,根据《中国食物结构改革与发展纲要》,中国己于1996年9月正式启动了大豆行动计划,发展大豆生产,积极引导消费,鼓励国民特别是中小学生饮用豆奶,食用豆制品。随着大豆计划的实施,豆制品生产的供与求将越来越大,相应地其废水排放量也越来越大,因此豆制品废水的处理显得十分紧迫[1-4],采用厌氧好氧法处理模拟豆制品废水,考察曝气时间对厌氧处理后废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:进水COD为420 mg/L～580 mg/L,对废水中的COD、NH4+-N、PO34--P有较好的去除能力。该系统运行稳定,工艺可行。     

Anaerobic testosterone degradation in Steroidobacter denitrificans - Identification of transformation products

The transformation of the androgenic steroid testosterone by gammaproteobacterium Steroidobacter denitrificans was studied under denitrifying conditions. For the first time, growth experiments showed that testosterone was mineralized under consumption of nitrate and concurrent biomass production. Experiments with cell suspensions using [4-¹⁴C]-testosterone revealed the intermediate production of several transformation products (TPs). Characterisation of ten TPs was carried out by means of HPLC coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization as well as ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (trans-androsterone) was formed in the highest amount followed by 5α-androstan-3,17-dione. The data suggests that several dehydrogenation and hydrogenation processes take place concurrently in ring A and D because no consistent time-resolved pattern of TP peaks was observed and assays using 2 TPs as substrates resulted in essentially the same TPs. The further transformation of testosterone in S. denitrificans seems to be very efficient and fast without formation of detectable intermediates.     

Mobile fission and activation products in nuclear waste disposal

When disposing nuclear waste in clay formations it is expected that the most radiotoxic elements like Pu, Np or Am move only a few centimetres to meters before they decay. Only a few radionuclides are able to reach the biosphere and contribute to their long-term exposure risks, mainly anionic species like I129, Cl36, Se79 and in some cases C14 and Tc99, whatever the scenario considered. The recent OECD/NEA cosponsored international MOFAP workshop focussed on transport and chemical behaviour of these less toxic radionuclides. New research themes have been addressed, such as how to make use of molecular level information for the understanding of the problem of migration at large distances. Diffusion studies need to face mineralogical heterogeneities over tens to hundreds of meters. Diffusion rates are very low since the clay rock pores are so small (few nm) that electrostatic repulsion limits the space available for anion diffusion (anion exclusion). The large volume of traversed rock will provide so many retention sites that despite weak retention, even certain of these “mobile” nuclides may show significant retardation. However, the question how to measure reliably very low retention parameters has been posed. An important issue is whether redox states or organic/inorganic speciation change from their initial state at the moment of release from the waste during long term contact with surfaces, hydrogen saturated environments, etc.     

互联网与环境科学技术

互联网的普及对推动环境科学技术发展起着很大作用 ,一方面 ,合理利用网络的资源可以使科研工作事半功倍 ;另一方面 ,互联网逐渐成为环境技术的推广应用、环保设备产品宣传和销售中的重要环节。本文介绍与环境科学技术相关的网络资源 ,包括文献检索、软件和环境科学讨论组、数据库、环保技术设备信息平台等     

中国与东盟水产品资源贸易价格波动——以冻鲭鱼出口价格为例

东盟是我国第三大水产品出口地,掌握对东盟水产品出口价格波动规律,以预测未来水产品出口价格波动趋势,为拓展水产品贸易潜力、有效进行渔业资源配置、促进水产品信息体系的建立提供依据和支撑。冻鲭鱼是我国重要的水产品出口品种,而东盟又是我国冻鲭鱼的最大出口地。以冻鲭鱼为例,利用2012—2017年我国对东盟以及东盟主要国家冻鲭鱼出口的月度价格数据,采用ARCH族模型和H-P滤波法研究其出口价格的聚簇性、非对称性和构成价格波动的四种因素。结果表明：（1）冻鲭鱼出口价格具有聚簇性,可以进行价格预测,市场价格上涨或下跌对其影响力基本相同;（2）价格呈现明显的季节性波动和周期性,可分为3或4个周期,2014—2015年之前的价格波动幅度大于之后期间内的波动幅度;（3）价格波动由四种因素构成,各因素对冻鲭鱼出口价格波动的贡献率差别较大。     

废电路板非金属材料再生木塑产品环境安全性评价

为了评价废电路板非金属材料再生产品使用过程中的环境安全性问题,本文针对非金属材料再生产品的特性,参考相关评价标准,结合目前现有的环境危害评价方法和人体健康风险评价,构建了再生产品在使用过程中环境安全性评价模型.收集A、B两种再生木塑产品进行评价试验,评估其对环境和人体健康的潜在风险和危害.结果显示在不考虑水体稀释作用情况下,两种再生木塑产品对I类地表水均存在极度或重度污染的可能,对于其他类地表水环境风险较小,应避免在源头水等区域使用;对于地下水,产品B污染指数大于1,具有一定的环境风险;但是考虑在稀释情况下（5%）,两种再生产品对于地下水的污染指数均小于1;两种再生木塑产品的非致癌风险指数分别为0.03和0.41,均小于1,对人体健康的危害作用不明显.本文可为非金属材料再生木塑产品环境安全性管理提供评价标准和参考,有利于促进废弃电器电子产品资源化和无害化技术的发展．     

The socioeconomic significance of nature-based recreation in Canada

In recognition of the many values that people ascribe to nature, federal, provincial, and territorial agencies worked inpartnership to complete the 'Survey on the Importance of Natureto Canadians' (SINC) in 1981, 1987, 1991, and 1996. Between 1981 and 1996, more than 80% of Canadians 15 years of age and older engaged in one or more nature-related activities. This paper describes the evolution of this cooperative monitoring program, defines a classification system as a context for the values examined by the SINC, highlights trends of some nature-related recreational activities measured by the survey, and comments onthe importance of this information to Canadians.     

老年产品的人性化设计

研究了老年人的特点,分析了老年产品的现状,论述了对老年产品进行人性化设计的必要性;在人性化设计理念的基础上,论证了老年产品人性化设计原则的重要性,提出了对老年产品的人性化设计原则.     

Does Autonomy Count in Favor of Labeling Genetically Modified Food?

In this paper I argue that consumerautonomy does not count in favor of thelabeling of genetically modified foods (GMfoods) more than for the labeling of non-GMfoods. Further, reasonable considerationssupport the view that it is non-GM foods ratherthan GM foods that should be labeled.     

Critical Impact Assessment of Organic Agriculture

Based on its productionguideline, organic agriculture has set foritself the goals of minimizing all forms ofpollution and maintaining sustainability of thefarming system. By striving for these goals,organic farming meets the demands of anincreasing number of consumers who are criticalof conventional production methods. This papergives an overview of the present state of theart in the different issues. Possibilities ofand limitations in performing the self-aimedgoals under the basic standards of organicagriculture are discussed. Concerningenvironmental protection, in general, the riskof adverse environmental effects is lower withorganic than with conventional farming methods,though not necessarily so; with reference tosoil fertility and nutrient management, organicfarming is suited to improve soil fertility andnutrient management markedly on the farm level;regarding biodiversity, comparison studies showthat organic farming has more positive effectson biodiversity conservation; in relation toproduct quality, under the basic standards oforganic farming, there is no sufficientevidence for a system-related effect on productquality due to the production method.