一株富集铯的微生物及其在植物修复中的应用

利用一株分离自重金属污染土壤的伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia）,研究其对放射性核素铯的耐性、富集,并在水培籽粒苋（Amaranthus cruentus L）并接种伯克氏菌,研究接种伯克氏菌对籽粒苋生长和吸收铯的影响。结果表明：伯克氏菌D54在铯浓度达到50 mmol.L-1的培养基中能正常生长,含铯1 mmol.L-1的100 mL液体培养基中接种1%活化菌液培养3 d后,收集到0.173 7 g干重菌体,菌体铯的质量分数达到45 mg.g-1,培养基中铯的去除率达58.77%。接种伯克氏菌促进籽粒苋生长,在Cs浓度分别为0、200、500、1 000μmol.L-1条件下,籽粒苋地上部的生物量分别增加30.91%,9.29%,42.71%,74.50%,根的干物质量分别增加36.01%、62.89%、55.17%、63.50%。籽粒苋的根、茎、叶中铯含量分别增加27.94%~43.58%、14.9~34.51%、6.31%~11.48%。接种伯克氏菌籽粒苋的耐受指数（TI%）增加11%~28%,生物富集率（BR）增加5%~9%。     

几种诱导子对青霉PT95菌株固态发酵产生类胡萝卜素的影响

分别用粗糙脉孢菌(Neurosporacrassa)、紫红曲霉(Monascuspurpureus)、掷孢酵母(Sporobolomycesroseus)、深红酵母(Rhodotorularubra)、诺卡氏菌(Nocardiasp. )N89和游动放线菌(Actinoplanessp. )A05的细胞壁制成6种诱导子.当在玉米培养基中添加适量诱导子进行诱导培养时,青霉PT95菌株的菌核生物量和菌核中积累的类胡萝卜素含量有了显著的提高(P<0. 01),从而提高了PT95菌株的类胡萝卜素产率.其中, 4种真菌诱导子的效果明显好于另外2种放线菌诱导子,紫红曲霉诱导子的效果最好.当培养基中紫红曲霉诱导子的质量分数为100μg/g时,每百克玉米的类胡萝卜素产率达到14 446μg,比对照提高176%.除紫红曲霉诱导子外,其余5种诱导子都能显著提高总色素中的β-胡萝卜素百分含量(P<0. 01). 表4参9     

石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseuomonas sp.）.初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

太湖环棱螺牧食活动对苦草生长的影响

2006年9—10月在太湖“863"项目试验基地进行环棱螺(Bellamya sp.)对苦草生长影响的实验研究. 结果表明:经过5周的生长,对照中苦草生物量增加得不多;而各螺处理中苦草生物量的增长非常明显,且与所投放的环棱螺的密度呈正相关关系,放养20,40和80个螺的处理中苦草生物量的增长率分别为对照的4.5,5.3和6.2倍. 另外,环棱螺对苦草根系的影响,表现为各螺处理中苦草根状茎生物量均大于对照,而根须生物量和根须数均小于对照. 与以上现象相反的是,放养20,40和80个螺的处理中苦草表面附着生物的生物量明显低于对照,分别低于对照的33.3%,54.8%和53.7%. 说明螺与沉水植物共存时,对沉水植物生长及繁殖均有一定的促进作用,在浅水湖泊中放养适当密度的环棱螺能在一定程度上加快沉水植被的恢复.      

氨基酸对烷烃降解菌GS3C降解性能的影响

从广州石油化工总厂污水处理站旁的油泥混合物中分离筛选得到一株烷烃降解菌GS3C,从生理生化及16S rDNA基因扩增测序等方面进行了鉴定,并在振荡好氧培养条件下研究该菌的降解性能及酵母浸膏、碳源、氮源、维生素、水解酪蛋白等营养物对其降解的影响,同时考察不同氨基酸对降解的影响. 结果表明,该菌的16S rDNA基因扩增序列与Burkholderia cepacia的同源性为97%,初步断定该菌株属于洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia),酵母浸膏能促进其对正十六烷的降解,其主要因素为氨基酸对降解的促进作用. 谷氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸及亮氨酸的混合物对降解菌GS3C的代谢促进作用最好,其中赖氨酸与脯氨酸为关键的2种氨基酸.      

Arsenite oxidation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes</Emphasis> sp. strain RS-19 isolated from arsenic-contaminated mines in the Republic of Korea

Arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacteria play important roles in reducing arsenic [As] toxicity and mobility in As-contaminated areas. As-resistant bacteria were isolated from the soils of two abandoned mines in the Republic of Korea. The isolated bacteria showed relatively high resistances to As(III) up to 26 mM. The PCR-based 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the isolated As-resistant bacteria were close relatives to Serratia marcescensa, Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea agglomerans, and Alcaligenes sp. Among the five As-resistant bacterial isolates, Alcaligenes sp. strain RS-19 showed the highest As(III)-oxidizing activity in batch tests, completely oxidizing 1 mM of As(III) to As(V) within 40 h during heterotrophic growth. This study suggests that the indigenous bacteria have evolved to retain the ability to resist toxic As in the As-contaminated environments and moreover to convert the species to a less toxic form [e.g., from As(III) to As(V)] and also contribute the biogeochemical cycling of As by being involved in speciation of As.     

利用鱼粉废水生产微生物絮凝剂的性能研究

假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)GX-4-1可以利用鱼粉废水生产性能良好的微生物絮凝剂PSD-1,低温储存325 d内活性稳定.该絮凝剂具有良好的pH稳定性,对高岭土悬液的絮凝率高达90%以上.在pH=12时,该絮凝剂在沸水中加热30 min后,活性下降不到50%.经有机溶剂提取、冻干后获得的絮凝剂干粉活性回复率高达99.66%.考察了该絮凝剂对土壤悬液和大肠杆菌悬液的净化效果,发现在碱性条件下,以CaCl-2为絮凝助剂时处理效果良好.      

噻吩磺隆降解菌FLX的分离鉴定及降解特性

从生产噻吩磺隆的农药厂内土壤中采取土样,经驯化富集后筛选到1株能高效降解噻吩磺隆的细菌FLX,根据表型特征、生理生化特性及16SrDNA分析,鉴定FLX初步为寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.).FLX能在含50mg/L噻吩磺隆的基础盐液体培养基中降解噻吩磺隆,48h降解率达83.34%.FLX降解噻吩磺隆的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为35℃,在所试的金属离子中,Zn²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Ba²⁺、Fe_³⁺等对FLX的降解影响较小;Hg²⁺,Co²⁺则抑制FLX的生长与降解.酶的定域实验表明,该菌中噻吩磺隆水解酶为胞内酶.     

应用于矿山修复的高效菌株鉴定与溶岩机制:基于增强回归树分析

岩石矿区废弃地水土流失问题极度严峻,微生物对修复该问题造成的退化生境具有重要意义,为探究微生物对岩石矿区生境修复的有效性与作用机制,采用两次定向筛选,获得1株高效产铁载体及吲哚乙酸(IAA)的硅酸盐矿物分解细菌,利用16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定该细菌为Pseudomonas protegens.通过该细菌对硅酸盐岩的岩石分解实验,测定培养液pH值,K、Al、Si这3种元素的释放量,检测岩石溶蚀的粒径变化,并分析培养液中不同有机酸,氨基酸及多糖的浓度变化,研究Pseudomonas protegens NLX-4对硅酸盐的溶蚀效果,同时引入增强回归树(boosted regression tree analysis,BRT)分析,探究其促溶机制.分析表明,该细菌通过代谢积累一定浓度的酒石酸(777 mg·L~(-1))以及多糖(8.21 g·L~(-1)),对硅酸盐岩产生释钾、释铝、脱硅的作用,从而有效促进岩石的分解.菌株Pseudomonas protegens NLX-4可作为修复废弃矿地被破坏生境的良好菌种资源.     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremediation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses phenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37℃, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene (50 mg/L each) within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4℃, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.