铁（Ⅲ）氧化物对染料溶液的光化学脱色研究

将铁氧化物引入染料溶液挑化学脱色研究，在高压汞灯照射下，比较了铁氧化物对活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ水溶液的脱色效果，结果满意，其中ａｍ－Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３的脱色作用尤为突出，光照１０ｍｉｎ后脱色率为９８５，动力学研究表明：在染料浓工于６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ２－４的条件下，α－ＦｅＯＯＨ的活性艳红产溶液的光化学脱色对动力学零级反应；     

铁碳微电解法处理某化工厂废水的研究

某化工厂废水主要成份为乙醛、少量三聚乙醛、四聚乙醛、吡啶和一些乙醛聚合物。经吸附塔处理后出水ρ(CODCr)值在3000￣4000mg·L-1之间,BOD5/CODCr只有0.05,采用铁碳微电解方法进行预处理。实验结果表明,最合适反应条件是进水pH值为2、铁碳比1∶2、停留时间为2h,在此条件下CODCr去除率可达64%以上,且进水浓度的变化对去除率影响不大。而且,BOD5/CODCr值在0.45以上,提高了可生化性。     

Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinaemia: Review of a 10-year experience including recent use of DNA analysis

Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinaemia has been accomplished by three different methods to date: (1) enzyme assay of cultured fetal cells; (2) quantification of citrullirie in amniotic fluid supernatant; and (3) incorporation of [¹⁴C]citrulline into protein by cultured fetal cells. Our laboratory has used these methods to perform prenatal diagnosis for 28 fetuses over a 10-year period. More recently, DNA polymorphisms were used for prenatal diagnosis by linkage analysis. Of the 28 fetuses studied, 23 were predicted to be unaffected, four were predicted to be affected, and results were conflicting in one case where [¹⁴C]citrulline incorporation erroneously indicated an affected fetus but linkage analysis correctly predicted an unaffected fetus. Because of low levels of enzyme activity in heterozygotes and in certain amniotic fluid cell types, biochemical diagnosis of citrullinaemia is complicated by the risk of false affected results, although [¹⁴C]citrulline incorporation is relatively reliable. When informative, linkage analysis is the preferable method for cases with a 25 per cent risk. The risk of false affected results makes prenatal diagnosis for cases with less than 25 per cent risk of questionable value.     

好氧共基质代谢条件下处理制药废水的实验研究

采用循环移动载体生物反应器 ,以葡萄糖为共代谢基质 ,研究了共基质代谢条件下好氧生物工艺处理难降解制药废水的效果。实验结果表明 ,共代谢措施可大幅度提高制药废水COD的去除率 ,在进水葡萄糖和制药废水的浓度比为 1∶10 ,HRT为 8h ,进水COD5 0 0mg/L时 ,COD去除率达 6 5 2 %。     

Evaluation of simple microbiol tests for detection of fecal coliforms directly at 44.5 degrees C

Simple microbial test comprising H₂S paper strip test,presence-absence (PA) test, and fluorogenic brila broth (BB)test performed directly at 44.5 °C were evaluated andcompared with the standard most probable number (MPN) method fordetection of fecal coliforms in 173 drinking water sources. BBand PA test were comparable with standard MPN method, whereas,poor compliance was noted for H₂S test. PA test whencompared with standard MPN test only 15%; disagreement wasdetected, whereas, highest disagreement of 40%; was observed incase of H₂S test. BB test was found to be highly sensitiveas only 7.8% disagreement with that of standard MPN test wasfound. Three hundred cultures obtained from positive tests wereidentified in order to evaluate the specificities of test usedin detection of fecal indicator Escherichia coli. BB testwas also found highly specific in detection of indicatororganism as compared to PA and H₂S test. Among theorganisms isolated from BB test 84.4%; of them were identifiedas E. coli as compared to 43.4 and 33.3 in PA and H₂Stest, respectively. The low incidence of recovery of E.coli (18.1%) for the standard MPN method places doubt on thevalidity of its application in tropical areas. The result ofthis investigation suggest that BB performed directly at 44.5 °C could be suitable cost effective test to assess themicrobiological quality of drinking water in India and other tropical countries.     

美国海军全舰船电磁脉冲生存能力试验与鉴定研究进展

为了了解美国海军在这一领域取得的研究进展,回顾了近十年来,美国海军在电磁脉冲生存能力试验与鉴定方面所开展的工作,重点介绍和分析了美国海岸警卫队退役快艇"MONHEGAN"号电磁脉冲试验情况、美军标MIL-STD-4023中关于水面舰船电磁脉冲防护及试验要求、美国海军全舰船威胁级电磁脉冲模拟器参数信息及有关舰船电磁脉冲评估的其他试验基础设施资源需求。     

熔渗温度和时间对 C/C-SiC-ZrC 复合材料性能的影响研究

目的研究熔渗温度和熔渗时间对复合材料密度和弯曲性能的影响。方法采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)和聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备熔渗用低密度C/C复合材料,以Si0.9-Zr0.1合金为熔渗金属,采用反应熔渗法(RMI)制备C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料。测试C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的开孔率、密度、弯曲强度,分析试样的相组成。结果熔渗温度为1450℃时,复合材料的密度仅有1.97 g/cm3,弯曲强度仅为153 MPa;当熔渗温度升高到1550℃时,密度和弯曲强度分别升高到2.39 g/cm~3和260 MPa;而当熔渗温度升高到1650℃时,密度和弯曲强度又分别降为2.18 g/cm~3和208 MPa。1.5 h熔渗时复合材料的密度值最大,为2.46 g/cm~3,相对0.5 h熔渗的最小值提高了5.1%;1.0 h熔渗时复合材料材料的弯曲强度最高,达到了260 MPa,相对于1.5 h熔渗的最低值仅提高了3.2%。结论复合材料的致密度和弯曲强度随熔渗温度的升高先升高后降低,密度随熔渗时间的延长而增大,而弯曲强度随熔渗时间的延长先升高后降低,但密度和弯曲强度随熔渗时间的延长变化较小。     

Evaluation of RothC model using four Long Term Fertilizer Experiments in black soils, India

Carbon content in soils changes depending on the land use system, type of management practice and time. There is an increasing concern about the soil quality vis-à-vis organic carbon content in soils due to global warming and enhanced CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. This has led to estimate carbon stock in soils at global and regional levels. The objective of the present study was to evaluate RothC model to estimate total organic carbon (TOC) changes under four long term fertilizer experimental sites representing sub-humid moist (Sarol and Nabibagh), sub-humid dry (Panjri) and semi-arid (Teligi) climate in India. The plant carbon input rate was calibrated using organic carbon and other soil parameters using RothC. The results showed that RothC could simulate changes in TOC in two contrasting eco-sites for surface soil layers. The root mean square error (RMSE) considered as modelling error ranged from 11.50 to 15.01, 4.70 to 11.60, 2.14 to 6.52 and 1.45 to 13.74 in the surface layers of Sarol, Nabibagh, Panjri, and Teligi sites, respectively. The simulation biases expressed by M (relative error) by Student‘t’ value for all the treatments at these sites were non-significant with two exceptions. Observed trends in TOC consist of an increase for all the four treatments in the sub-humid site of Sarol and Nabibagh; while manures alone or in combination increase TOC appreciably in Teligi and Panjri. TOC remained, however, almost similar over years for the control (no fertilizer or manure) and NPK treatments in all the four sites. Analysis of RothC output data showed that this model could be used as a tool to arrive at different threshold values of rainfall to influence decomposition rate modifier and thus to find out rate of organic carbon sequestration in various bioclimatic systems.     

Towards the harmonization of water-related policies for managing drought risks across the EU

Drought is recognized as a major issue in the EU, particularly in the Mediterranean region, posing risks to the environment as well as to local and regional economies. The EU policy on water management is continuously evolving, particularly in relation to water scarcity and drought. Starting with the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), which sets the general policy framework for water management across the EU, the EC Communication on Water Scarcity and Drought COM(2007) 414 final set the priorities for managing water scarcity and drought risks. Three follow-up reports (COM(2008) 875 final, COM(2010) 228 final and COM(2011) 133) highlighted achievements and yearly progress within the context of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, whereas guidance has further been provided through the issue of Technical Reports (e.g. the EC Water Scarcity Drafting Group Technical Report 2008–023 on Drought Management, Including agricultural, drought indicators and climate change aspects). The 2012 EU Water Review (“Blue Print for Safeguarding European Waters” will assess achievements and identify further requirements towards long-term sustainable water use across the EU. However, a harmonized approach on drought risk management at the EU level is still lacking, whereas drought risk in several countries and regions has not been yet fully integrated in water management and relevant sectoral policies.This paper focuses on a proposed paradigm shift from crisis to risk management, which is currently gaining ground as a means of reducing societal vulnerability to droughts. The paper underlines the importance of engaging into risk assessment and management practices and identifies policy gaps and requirements for further improvement of the drought management policy framework at all levels of governance: at the EU, at the national and at the river basin and regional levels.     

Performance assessment of mining operations using nonparametric production analysis: A bootstrapping approach in DEA

This paper presents a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model combined with bootstrapping to assess performance in mining operations. Since DEA-type indicators based on nonparametric production analysis are simply point estimates without any standard error, we provide a methodology to assess the performance of strip mining operations by means of a DEA bootstrapping approach. This methodology is applied to a sample of fifteen Illinois strip coal mines using publicly available data (Thompson et al., 1995). The applied approach uses a mixed mine environmental performance indicator (MMEPI) that is derived by means of a VRS DEA environmental technology treating overburden as an undesirable output under the weak disposability assumption, and we compare this measure with a traditional output-oriented mine performance indicator (MPI) omitting overburden. Although omitting undesirable output results in biased performance estimates, these findings are based on sample specific results and indicate this bias is not statistically significant. The confidence intervals derived by the bootstrapping of the proposed MMEPI point estimates indicate that significant inefficiency has taken place in the analyzed sample of Illinois strip mines.