一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水式验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能.试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH_4~+;-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>标准.

Abstract：

The integrated intermittent-aeration membrane biological reactor (IMBR) was investigated to treat the low C/N ratio urban sewage. Pollutants removal efficiency of IMBR under the condition of aeration 2 h and agitation 2 h were researched. The results showed that the average removal rates of COD, NH/ -N, TN and SS were 87% , 83.4% , 75.4% and 97.81% respectively. The average concentrations of COD,NH_4~+ -N,TN and SS in the effluent of IMBR system were 17.5,4.59,7.63 and 2 rag/L respectively. The effluent quality of IMBR could meet the standard of the requirement reclaimed water quality criterion (GB/T18920-2002).     

三江平原退化湿地和农田土壤养分的比较研究

三江平原农业开垦导致地表水位和土壤水分下降,原生湿地退化为沼泽化草甸和典型草甸,或者直接转化为水田和旱田.退化湿地与农田土壤养分的对比研究结果表明,4种样地类型0-30 cm土层土壤有机质含量为水田＞沼泽化草甸＞旱田＞典型草甸,全氮含量差异与有机质含量差异相一致,速效磷含量为水田＞旱田＞沼泽化草甸＞典型草甸.这说明在湿地退化为典型草甸的过程中土壤养分严重下降,水分状况是影响湿地土壤养分下降的关键因素;但是农田土壤养分仍然保持较高水平,主要是由于耕作、施肥等非水分因素的影响.由此可见,水分条件和人为干扰共同决定了退化湿地和农田土壤养分状况.     

离子液体[C8mim]PF6对水生生物的毒性作用

运用评价化学品对水生生物毒性的标准试验方法,探讨离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基-咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C8mim]PF6)对普通小球藻、大型蚤和斑马鱼的毒性影响.结果表明,[C8mim]PF6在实验浓度下,对普通小球藻的生长和叶绿素a的产生均有抑制作用,浓度越高抑制作用越明显,且对叶绿素a含量的影响更为显著.高浓度组(200mg/L)可致死部分小球藻细胞;[C8mim]PF6对大型蚤的48h LC50为4.47mg/L,属于高毒性;[C8mim]PF6对斑马鱼的96h LC50为126.08mg/L,属于低毒性.[C8mim]PF6对这3种水生生物的抑制率/致死率(EC50/LC50)随时间呈规律性变化.[C8mim]PF6与藻类的亲和性及其亲脂特性可能是其对水生生物存在潜在毒性的2个主要原因.     

高锰酸钾光氧化六氟苯脱氟的研究

尝试利用KMnO₄ 光氧化C₆F₆ 脱氟,获得较好的脱氟效果.研究表明,溶液的pH 值、激光脉冲次数、KMnO₄ 的初始浓度、C₆F₆ 的初始浓度等因素均会影响F-的生成率.酸性条件更有利于KMnO₄ 光氧化C₆F₆ 脱氟.F-生成率随激光脉冲数的增加而单调上升.受到消光系数的影响, KMnO4 的浓度达到3.0×10^-4mol/L 时,脱氟效率达到最佳. pH 值为0.5 的2.0×10^-4 mol/L C₆F₆ 与6.0×10^-4mol/L KMnO4 的混合溶液在接受脉冲激光照射9000 次后,F-生成率可达1.61mol/mol C6F6.C6F6 的降解与MnO4-受激后产生的Mn(V)过氧复合物有关.     

固体缓释碳源处理低碳氮比污水的脱氮及机理

通过投加PHB(聚-β-羟丁酸)和改性天然缓释碳源,在填料高度0.6 m处的实验表明,投加PHB后反应体系保持着对NH3-N较好的去除效果,去除率为13.04%~94.56%(均值67.45%)。而投加改性天然缓释碳源后,出水NH3-N浓度高于原水;待改性天然缓释碳源完全消耗后,出水NH3-N浓度低于原水。投加改性天然缓释碳源比投加PHB对去除NO-3-N和TN的效果更好,在投加改性天然缓释碳源33 d左右内,系统保持着对NO-3-N和TN很高的去除效果,去除率分别达到17.31%~97.37%(均值77.18%)和33.69%~88.16%(均值74.06%)。在实验参数的基础上,投加改性天然缓释碳源后,系统对高效脱氮的时间可维持33 d左右,反应体系对TN的去除主要依赖于反硝化细菌的异化作用。     

Al／C／Fe复合电极电絮凝法同时除氟除砷（V）

为了同时去除地下水中的氟和砷,提出了Al／C／Fe复合电极电絮凝法和Al／C—Fe／C依次除氟砷法,并进行效果对比。研究了Al／C／Fe复合电极电絮凝法的影响因素,并对复合电极电絮凝产生的絮体进行了SEM-EDX分析。结果表明,Al／C／Fe复合电极电絮凝法对氟、砷的去除速率分别是Al／C-Fe／C依次除氟砷法的1．43倍和4．73倍;初始氟／砷浓度为4．0／1．0、4．0／0和0／1．0mg／L3种条件下,通过铝极板、铁极板的电流密度均为0．10mA／cm2时,达到最好的除氟除砷效果,与初始氟／砷浓度无关。     

Environmental justice in Appalachia Ohio? An expanded consideration of privilege and the role it plays in defending the contaminated status quo in a white,working-class community

Environmental justice addresses inequitable distributions of health risks from exposure to pollution and other hazards. Appalachian residents of southeastern Ohio who live along the Ohio River are disproportionately subject to industrial pollution. Of particular concern is the DuPont Washington Works plant where perfluorooctanoic acid, or C8, was used to make consumer products. Although company officials became aware in 1984 that the water supply of Little Hocking, Ohio, was tainted with C8 coming from its plant, residents were not notified until 2002. Subsequent studies determined a number of health problems, including cancer, are linked to residents’ exposure. This qualitative study asked Little Hocking residents and environmental regulators if they consider C8 contamination in Little Hocking an injustice. Results indicate a lack of consensus – even among affected residents – concerning DuPont's^® actions as constituting an injustice. This finding, among others, is used to argue that many residents in Little Hocking, through their association with DuPont^®, benefit from class-based forms of privilege and seek to maintain them in the context of immobility and economic uncertainty. This explains why some communities may be considered an environmental justice community from an academic standpoint, but not self-identify as such. However, maintaining privilege at the local scale in the context of weak regulation enhances exploitation in Little Hocking while contributing to power at extra-local scales. Thus, environmental justice activists in white, working-class communities must overcome the challenge posed by privilege that defends the contaminated status quo.     

厨余发酵液与乙酸钠、葡萄糖脱氮性能的比较

通过与乙酸钠、葡萄糖对比,利用批式实验方法对厨余发酵液作为反硝化碳源的脱氮性能进行了研究.在不同COD/N条件下,对3种碳源的反硝化NOx--N去除率进行了比较,研究发现,当COD/N =6.5时,厨余发酵液可以满足反硝化对电子供体的要求,其反硝化潜能PD=0.146 g NOx--N /g COD.然后,在COD/N =5.0条件下,利用动力学方程对反硝化过程进行分段模拟,发现厨余发酵液组在Ss降解阶段的比反硝化速率为7.44 mg NOx--N/(g VSS·h),其整个反硝化阶段的比反硝化速率是乙酸钠组的0.77倍,是葡萄糖组的2.1倍,结果表明,厨余发酵液可以作为快速降解碳源用于反硝化脱氮.     

一株施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri DN-LWX19的脱氮性能

从缺氧生物滤池筛选纯化得到一株具有高效反硝化能力的异养菌DN-LWX19,通过形态观察、生理生化特性及16S rDNA同源性分析,确定该菌株为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri).脱氮性能研究结果表明,菌株DN-LWX19在NO3--N初始浓度为120.43 mg/L的试管培养基中,60 h对NO3--N去除率达90％,NO2--N积累浓度仅0.05 mg/L.以添加适量乙酸钠的实际污水处理二级出水为液体培养基,研究DN-LWX19在初始NO3--N浓度约为30.00 mg/L时的脱氮效果,当碳氮比(COD/NO3--N)为5∶1时,菌株DN-LWX19在32 h对NO3--N去除率为100％,但是有NO2--N的积累(7.00 mg/L),且至72 h无明显变化;当碳氮比为9∶1时,菌株DN-LWX19在32h对NO3--N的去除率为100％,且无NO2-N的积累.