综合地震台网络办公自动化系统

计算机与网络技术高速发展的今天，办公自动化（OA）系统现已在各行各业得到广泛应用。目前市场上的办公软件产品很多且功能强大，但由于各个行业本身的特殊性，这些系统很不适合应用于地震部门。本文研究了综合地震台如何搭建适合自己的经济、简单、实用的OA系统，为国内其他地震台实现OA作一些建设性的理论及技术参考。     

Protective effects of vitamin C and curcumin against acrylamide toxicity in embryonic fibroblast cells

Abstract

Acrylamide is a highly soluble and widely produced industrial chemical that has been shown to pose numerous health hazards. This study aimed to assess the effects of acrylamide on the cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in embryonic fibroblast cells (BALB/c 3T3) and to measure protective roles of the natural antioxidants vitamin C and curcumin. Embryonic fibroblast cells were exposed to acrylamide at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000?μmol/L and vitamin C (50?μmol/L) or curcumin (2.5?μmol/L) for 24?h. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and the markers of oxidative lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and glutathione were measured. Co-treatment of the acrylamide-exposed fibroblast cells with vitamin C or curcumin attenuated the cytotoxicity and formation of reactive oxygen species and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Thus, it was concluded that vitamin C and curcumin may play a protective role against acrylamide toxicity; the treatment with 50?μmol/L vitamin C was found to be more effective than the treatment with 2.5?μmol/L curcumin.     

"长苞铁杉和铁杉属数量分类的研究"之评注

邹惠渝和张凤春两位先生所撰写的"长苞铁杉和铁杉属数量分类的研究"一文(见<南京林业大学学报>,1996,20(1)43～47),至少存在以下3个问题值得商榷一是取材欠完整,二是聚类方法单一,三是结合线计算错误.据本文重新核算,<邹文>的结论有误.     

印染废水治理技术

论述了以铁碳过滤 +SBR为主要工艺的印染废水处理技术。该技术在实际工程中连续运行 8a的结果表明 :该工艺用于印染废水的治理切实可行、经济可靠 ,出水水质稳定能够达到国家一级排放标准 ,并能全部实现回用     

Fate of 14C‐allylalcohol herbicide in soils and crop residues

Abstract

Residue disappearance and leaching of ¹⁴C‐allyl‐alcohol from different soils were studied in laboratory experiments. Additionally, the uptake of residues by lettuce and carrots was investigated in the greenhouse. In laboratory experiments, residue disappearance and leaching from soils was correlated negatively to the organic matter content. In greenhouse experiments with a sandy loam soil at an application rate normally used in practice, an average of 12.5 % of the applied radioactivity was recovered after an eight day interval between application and sowing. Furthermore, an average of 8 % (sum in soil and plants) of the applied radioactivity was recovered after lettuce or carrot growing. Uptake of residues was higher by carrots than by lettuce, and higher by lettuce roots than by lettuce tops. No bioaccumulation was observed. The residues in soils and plants were, to a high percentage, unextractable and, to a smaller extent, fully water‐soluble products. Unchanged allylalcohol could not be detected by the analytical methods used.     

Graduated stringency within collective incentives for group environmental compliance: Building coordination in field-lab experiments with artisanal gold miners in Colombia

Small-scale gold mining is important to rural livelihoods in the developing world but also a source of environmental externalities. Incentives for individual producers are the classic policy response for a socially efficient balance between livelihoods and the environment. Yet monitoring individual miners is ineffective, or it is very costly, especially on frontiers with scattered small-scale miners. We ask whether monitoring at a group level effectively incentivizes cleaner artisanal mining by combining lower-cost external monitoring with local collective action. We employ a mining-framed, threshold-public-goods experiment in Colombia's Pacific region, with 640 participants from frontier mining communities. To study compliance with collective environmental targets, we vary the target stringency, including to compare increases over time in the stringency versus decreases. We find that collective incentives can induce efficient equilibria, with group compliance – and even inefficient overcompliance – despite the existence of equilibria with zero contributions. Yet, for demanding targets in which the reward for compliance barely outweighs the cost, compliance can collapse. Those outcomes improve with past successes for easier targets, however, so our results suggest gain from building coordination via graduated stringency.     

C/N比调控污泥厌氧发酵产酸的数学模型研究

采用改进粒子群算法对ADM1模型中的关键参数进行了估计,经敏感性分析,确定了Monod最大比吸收速率、半饱和值、产物对底物的产率等3种参数对产酸速率具有较大影响.应用修正后的动力学参数对ADM1模型在不同C/N比调控下污泥厌氧发酵产酸结果进行了模拟.结果表明,模拟产酸数据和实测数据误差较小,说明修正后的ADM1模型能够很好地描述污泥厌氧发酵中C/N比条件对产酸的影响.     

典型碳纳米材料在水中的凝聚特性比较

以富勒烯(C₆₀)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)纳米颗粒悬浮液为对象,采用动态光散射技术对比研究了电解质、有机物等环境因素对其在水中凝聚和稳定性的影响.结果表明,电解质存在下,可通过压缩双电层作用使水中碳纳米材料发生凝聚反应,凝聚过程均符合经典的胶体稳定性(DLVO)理论;MWNTs较C₆₀稳定性弱、更易凝聚;两种纳米颗粒悬浮液对应的Na⁺、Mg²⁺ 和Ca²⁺的临界凝聚浓度均远高于其在天然水体中的含量.Na⁺和Mg²⁺凝聚体系中,腐殖酸(HA)可通过空间位阻作用抑制凝聚发生,且对C₆₀的抑制作用更强.HA可与Ca²⁺发生络合,强化纳米颗粒凝聚反应,并对MWNTs具有更强的强化凝聚作用.不同碳纳米材料和环境因子存在着不同的相互作用关系,将影响其在水中的稳定性.     

后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺处理低C/N城市污水

为处理低碳源生活污水,以内碳源反硝化途径为出发点,开发了后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺.该工艺仅在UCT分段进水最后一好氧段末端增加了后置缺氧环节,以强化微生物内碳源储存能力.在低C/N水平（平均进水C/N=3.1±1.5）的生活污水条件下,后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺实现了平均75.3%的TN去除率,运行61d后同步硝化反硝化去除的氮量高达31.5%;运行40d后污泥内碳源储存水平比原工艺污泥提高12.2%,9小时比内源反硝化速率由零提高至5.56mgN/（gVSS×d）,系统可通过好氧段同步硝化内源反硝化（SNED）提高TN去除率.污泥沉降性能有明显改善：SVI值由350mL/g降至97mL/g,而原UCT分段进水工艺污泥仍然膨胀.该工艺仅在原工艺基础上增加了一后置缺氧段,无需外加碳源和额外硝化液回流设施,有利于水厂升级改造.