紫外诱变选育优势好氧反硝化菌株

采用紫外照射的方法对好氧反硝化菌株进行诱变,从中筛选出一株优势正突变菌株ZR43,并对其形态、生长条件及反硝化能力进行了研究.结果显示,相对于亲本R1,菌株ZR43对亚硝态氮的积累量大幅度降低,从75.05mg·L-1减少到17.42mg·L-1.TN去除率提高了18%.菌株形态为球菌.最佳生长条件:温度为30℃、pH为8、C/N为10、以丁二酸为最佳碳源.C/N对菌株ZR43的好氧反硝化能力影响很大,当C/N大于8时,总氮的去除率均达到32%以上.     

Land-use induced changes in topsoil organic carbon stock of paddy fields using MODIS and TM/ETM analysis: A case study ofWujiang County, China

Topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) that plays an important role in mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) buildup is greatly affected by human activities.To evaluate the influence of land-use changes on SOC stocks in paddy soils,a new algorithm was developed by integrating MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer) and TM/ETM data for timely monitoring the land-use change in Wujiang County.Thereafter,the land-use class-maps derived from MODIS and TM/ETM analyses were further used to est...     

云南白水台现代钙华δ~(13)C的季节和空间变化特征研究

对云南白水台引水渠道中钙华沉积的δ13C值分析发现,白水台引水渠道中钙华δ13C值与降雨量有着较好的线性负相关关系,这一发现为下一步利用当地古钙华的δ13C数据重建古降水量提供了实验与理论基础。而造成雨季钙华δ13C值偏负的原因是雨后形成的低δ13C值的坡面流对高δ13C值的渠道水的稀释效应,降低了渠道水的δ13C值。水中贫13C的CO2逸出至大气是下游方向钙华δ13C偏正的主要原因。     

Fe—C微电解法＋H2O2组合工艺处理硝基苯废水的实验研究

利用废铁屑对硝基苯废水进行预处理,可以使废水中的硝基苯转化为苯胺,然后在废水中加入H2O2,使H2O2与废水中的Fe^2＋构成Fenton试剂,反应生产OH·自由基,OH·自由基具有强烈的氧化性,将苯胺和硝基苯中的苯环打开,形成断链,再进一步将其矿化分解。     

生物膜法处理低碳高氮污水的试验研究

文章采用生物膜法进行对低碳氮比的污水模拟研究,通过调节反应池的各种条件如水力停留时间,进水的碳氮比等考察生物膜法对低碳高氮污水的脱氮能力。在本试验所考察的工况中,系统进水停留时间为15小时,原水C/N为5:1,低氧反应池与好氧反应池进水比为1:1的工况有较好的脱氮效果,改善了出水水质,对城市污水深度脱氮具有参考价值,有良好的应用前景。     

生态系统转换区土壤有机质动力学特征的δ^13C方法研究

对土壤有机质的动力学过程的研究是评价区域土壤质量、合理开发利用土壤以及全球碳循环一气候交化研究的基础性工作。系统分析了生态系统转换区土壤有机质动力学特征的δ^13C方法研究的理论基础和应用现状,包括影响土壤有机质δ^13C值的各种内外因素;土壤有机质不同化学组成、不同粒径组分、不同比重组分的δ^13C特征值域;土壤微生...     

基于CPNtools的环评工程分析信息化技术的研究

以东北制药总厂现状环境评价为例,首先抽象出其采用的代数系统,然后构建了与其同构的着色PetriNet模型,并运用CPNtools完成了环境评价学的各种分析和论证,从而为构建C4ISRE奠定了基础。     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.     

A2O工艺和A2O+BCO工艺的脱氮除磷性能比较

以实际低C/N生活污水为研究对象,依次分别采用A²O工艺和A²O+BCO（生物接触氧化）工艺考察系统的脱氮除磷性能.试验在进水负荷和运行参数基本维持不变的情况下运行134d.结果表明,相对于A²O系统,A²O+BCO系统由于采用双污泥工艺,硝化菌和聚磷菌（PAOs）污泥龄分离,同时反硝化除磷"一碳两用",碳源利用率更高,TN和TP去除率分别提高了18%和28%.其次FISH试验表明,在稳定运行的A²O+BCO工艺中,PAOs比例为22%,远远超过A²O中7%的比例,从微生物角度证明了脱氮除磷效果好的原因.     

溶剂调控Pd/C催化多氯联苯高效加氢脱氯

采用沉积沉淀法制备了5% Pd/C催化剂,研究了溶剂体系对其催化4-氯联苯（4-CBP）加氢脱氯的影响,建立了正丁醇-水两相溶剂体系,实现了高浓度电容器油（主要为多氯联苯（PCBs））的高效加氢脱氯降解.结果表明,相对比非质子溶剂,醇类等质子溶剂对加氢脱氯反应更加有利.水的加入对异丙醇-水均相溶剂和有机-水两相溶剂中Pd/C催化4-CBP加氢脱氯均有明显的促进作用,而且在正丁醇-水（1：3,V/V）两相溶剂体系中可以在90min内实现4-CBP加氢脱氯的完全转化,而且催化剂可以重复使用8次以上.在该溶剂体系中,10g/L的含PCBs电容器油在Pd/C催化下可以在360min内完全加氢脱氯生成联苯.