楚雄德胜钢铁公司烧结机尾除尘改造实践

介绍楚雄德胜钢铁公司19·6m2烧结机尾除尘系统改造工程中使用三电极电除尘器的工艺及有关设计技术问题,并根据使用效果进行分析总结。结果表明,在设计参数选择恰当的情况下,三电极电除尘器对烧结烟气有较好的除尘效果,这些经验和操作中存在的问题供烧结机尾除尘工程设计参考。     

玻璃纸生产废气中CS2和H2S的治理

阐述了玻璃纸生产中CS2和H2S废气产生的原理,介绍了该废气处理的现状,总结了目前普遍采用的冷凝法、活性炭吸附法、活性碳纤维吸附法、改性活性炭吸附法、螯合铁氧化法、吸收-吸附法等处理方法的特点和效果。介绍了一种先采用螯合铁氧化法、再采用冷凝法、最后采用活性炭吸附法的综合处理工艺,可使废气达标排放。     

经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的处理效果

采用玉米淀粉为原料、氯化缩水甘油三甲基铵（GTA）作阳离子化试剂、水-乙醇混合液作分散剂、NaOH作碱催化剂,制备了经济型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂（简称经济型阳离子淀粉）。实验结果表明：在淀粉加入量110g、GTA加入量30g、NaOH加入量1．6g、分散剂中m（水）：m（乙醇）=1：1、m（分散剂）：m（淀粉）=0．50：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下,可制得取代度（DS）为0．31的经济型阳离子淀粉;用该经济型阳离子淀粉与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）联用处理印染废水,当经济型阳离子淀粉加入量为140mg／L、PAM加入量为4mg/L、废水pH为8时,印染废水的色度去除率和COD去除率分别达92％和82％。该方法絮凝效果好,药剂费用低,产生的污泥少。     

应急处理苯胺污染水源水的粉末活性炭吸附工艺的研究

以浑河水为原水,模拟突发苯胺污染,通过投加粉末活性炭(PAC)进行应急处理的试验研究.试验结果表明:PAC对苯胺的吸附在30 min内能达到80%～90%的吸附容量;PAC对苯胺的吸附等温线符合弗兰德里希(Freundlich)吸附模式,在苯胺的平衡质量浓度为0.030 mg/L时,PAC对其吸附容量约为5 mg/g;比表面积较大的木屑炭对苯胺的吸附效果比煤质炭好,但粒度以300目左右为宜;炭浆浓度越小对苯胺的吸附效果越好;溶液pH以不小于5为最好;絮凝剂最佳的投加顺序是先投加炭浆然后投加絮凝荆;对突发的浑河水苯胺污染,在取水口处投加PAC是十分有效的应急处理措施.     

青藏高原生活污水处理及回用的工艺研究

在高寒缺氧的青藏高原如何对生活污水进行有效的处理,目前仍无好的解决方案。实验采用的生态大棚系统可在青藏高原的恶劣环境下提供适宜的人工小环境,保证生物处理正常运行所必需的热平衡、O2-CO2的循环平衡和水循环的平衡。采用的好氧生物-土地处理工艺不仅能保证污水处理达到国家一级排放标准,同时还解决了长期以来高原蔬菜种植的难题。     

味精废水的清洁生产治理技术

介绍了味精废水清洁生产的工艺技术,并与传统的物化-生化方法进行了比较。运行结果表明:该工艺既节约能源,又经济可靠。     

Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.     

高铁扣件弹条疲劳断裂原因分析

通过对WJ-7型扣件中60Si2MnA弹条在拉伸-扭转试验过程发生断裂的原因进行分析和数值模拟研究,得出弹条断裂的原因.对60Si2MnA弹条承受的荷载进行分析可知,WJ-7型扣件在铁垫板与弹条后端接触区域内弯处应力集中最大,是造成弹条断裂破坏的主要原因之一,而弹条断裂的根本原因是弹条长期处于极限强度下工作,使弹条最终...     

中国旅游业CO_2排放区域差异的空间分析

在旅游业节能减排形势严峻的背景下,深入研究中国旅游业CO_2排放问题,制定科学的区域节能减排政策已刻不容缓。本文首先运用"自下而上"法,估算了1993-2012年中国整体旅游业、旅游业各分部门、大陆各省区(不含西藏)旅游业CO_2排放量。在此基础上,对全国及三大地带旅游业CO_2排放的总体特征进行分析;利用Theil指数法分析了中国旅游业CO_2排放强度的区域差异、区域内差异和区域间差异;运用AreView软件对中国旅游业CO_2排放强度的省际差异进行直观图示。分析结果显示:1993-2012年,中国旅游业CO_2排放量从1 480.868×10~4t升至6 274.129×10~4t;全国及三大地带旅游业CO_2排放强度整体上呈现出先显著下降、再缓慢梯度下降的趋势;中国旅游业CO_2排放强度空间分布不均匀,东部地区旅游业CO_2排放强度低于中部和西部地区;中国旅游业CO_2排放强度的区域总体差异、区域间差异和区域内差异整体呈逐渐缩小的趋势,区域间差异对总体差异的贡献率为94%-98%,区域间差异占主导地位;中国旅游业CO_2排放强度省际差异明显,属于旅游业CO_2排放强度弱显著区的省区基本位于东部沿海地区,河北、湖南、河南、广西、甘肃和新疆等省区频繁出现在旅游业CO_2排放强度强显著区之列,因此上述省区应是中国旅游业CO_2未来节能减排的区域重点。据此提出差别化的CO_2减排对策:东部地区应通过技术改进和调整产业结构、能源消费结构来降低CO_2排放强度,并以此带动中部和西部地区旅游业节能减排;中部和西部地区应加强与东部地区合作,将提高能源使用率、降低CO_2排放强度作为旅游业减排工作的重点。     

Fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment plants - Conception of a database and first results

We created a database in order to quantitatively assess the occurrence and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). From 117 scientific publications, we compiled 6641 data covering 184 PPCPs. Data included the concentrations of PPCPs in WWTP influents and effluents, their removal efficiency and their loads to the aquatic environment. The first outputs of our database allowed to identify the most investigated PPCPs in WWTPs and the most persistent ones, and to obtain reliable and quantitative values on their concentrations, frequency of detection and removal efficiency in WWTPs. We were also able to compare various processes and pointed out activated sludge with nitrogen treatment and membrane bioreactor as the most efficient ones.