Numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of NO2 and N2O5 generation during the NO ozonation process

Wet scrubbing combined with ozone oxidation has become a promising technology for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO_x in exhaust gas. In this paper, a new 20-species, 76-step detailed kinetic mechanism was proposed between O₃ and NO_x. The concentration of N₂O₅ was measured using an in-situ IR spectrometer. The numerical evaluation results kept good pace with both the public experiment results and our experiment results. Key reaction parameters for the generation of NO₂ and N₂O₅ during the NO ozonation process were investigated by a numerical simulation method. The effect of temperature on producing NO₂ was found to be negligible. To produce NO₂, the optimal residence time was 1.25 sec and the molar ratio of O₃/NO about 1. For the generation of N₂O₅, the residence time should be about 8 sec while the temperature of the exhaust gas should be strictly controlled and the molar ratio of O₃/NO about 1.75. This study provided detailed investigations on the reaction parameters of ozonation of NO_x by a numerical simulation method, and the results obtained should be helpful for the design and optimization of ozone oxidation combined with the wet flue gas desulfurization methods (WFGD) method for the removal of NO_x.     

In vitro evaluation of inorganic and methyl mercury mediated cytotoxic effect on neural cells derived from different animal species

To extend the current understanding of the mercury-mediated cytotoxic effect,five neural cell lines established from different animal species were comparatively analyzed using three different endpoint bioassays:thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT),neutral red uptake assay(NRU),and Coomassie blue assay(CB).Following a 24-hr exposure to selected concentrations of mercury chloride(HgCl_2) and methylmercury(Ⅱ) chloride(MeHgCl),the cytotoxic effect on test cells was characterized by comparing their 50%inhibition concentration(IC_(50)) values.Experimental results indicated that both these forms of mercury were toxic to all the neural cells,but at very different degrees.The IC_(50)values of MeHgCl among these cell lines ranged from 1.15±0.22 to 10.31 ± 0.70 μmol/L while the IC_(50) values for HgCl_2 were much higher,ranging from 6.44 ± 0.36 to 160.97±19.63 μmol/L,indicating the more toxic nature of MeHgCl.The IC_(50) ratio between HgCl_2and MeHgCl ranged from 1.75 to 96.0,which confirms that organic mercury is much more toxic to these neural cells than inorganic mercury.Among these cell lines,HGST-BR and TriG44 derived from marine sea turtles showed a significantly high tolerance to HgCl_2 as compared to the three mammalian neural cells.Among these neural cells,SK-N-SH represented the most sensitive cells to both chemical forms of mercury.     

A~2/O-MBR工艺在农村生活污水处理中的示范

A2/O-MBR工艺因其稳定的出水水质和良好的脱氮除磷效果,在我国城镇早已得到规模化应用。但在农村由于受各种条件制约,使该工艺的应用受到限制。通过A2/O-MBR工艺在四川农村地区散户的小规模示范,分析了其在污染物去除、建设、运行维护等方面的特点以及需注意的问题,为该技术在农村地区的推广应用做出积极的探索。     

纳米二氧化锰/还原态氧化石墨烯复合材料催化臭氧降解苯酚的研究

制备以还原态氧化石墨烯为载体的纳米二氧化锰催化剂,并以苯酚为目标降解物,研究了其催化臭氧化性能,对影响催化臭氧化效果因素及降解机理进行了初步探讨。使用SEM、TEM和XPS对材料进行表征;纳米二氧化锰/还原态氧化石墨烯催化臭氧降解苯酚反应为准一级反应;催化剂的最佳使用量为0.2 g/L;当p H=3时,苯酚催化臭氧化去除率相对于单独臭氧提高了119.0%;催化剂连续使用4次性能良好。     

PTFE/TiO_2复合膜光催化降解水中罗丹明B研究

以P25 TiO_2为催化剂、聚四氟乙烯乳液(PTFE)为粘结剂,采用辊压法制备了PTFE/TiO_2复合膜催化剂,并对其进行了SEM和XRD表征。结果表明:TiO_2与PTFE乳液的质量比为4:1时其表面最为平整且分布着均匀的空隙。此外,PTFE的引入并没有改变TiO_2的晶相结构与衍射峰强度。另外,随着光照时间的延长,PTFE/TiO_2复合膜催化表面·OH自由基产生量呈线性增加,且Rh B分子在553 nm处特征吸收峰强度逐渐降低。经过150 min光照后,Rh B的光催化降解率达到87%。连续重复使用14次之后,PTFE/TiO_2复合催化膜的光催化效率仅下降2%左右,这表明其可能在废水深度处理领域得到实用化应用。     

介体厌氧催化活性艳红K-2BP脱色及构效特性研究

研究了筛选出的4种结构相似的醌类氧化还原介体对活性艳红K-2BP厌氧脱色的促进作用,并分析了介体促进效果与其化学结构活性相关性. 在35℃中温厌氧条件下,采用间歇批量实验法,测定不同体系中介体催化活性艳红K-2BP脱色效果.结果表明,①结构相似的醌类氧化还原介体蒽醌(AQ)、1,5-二氯蒽醌(1,5-AQ)、1,8-二氯蒽醌(1,8-AQ)和1,4,5,8-四氯蒽醌(1,4,5,8-AQ),均促进活性艳红K-2BP脱色,反应速率提高了1.4～3倍;②当醌类介体投加浓度为4 mmol·L^-1,活性艳红K-2BP染料浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,促进作用由大到小的顺序为:1,8-AQ>1,5-AQ>AQ>1,4,5,8-AQ;③ 当活性艳红K-2BP染料浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,1,8-AQ促进效果最佳且脱色速率常数随1,8-AQ浓度的增加而增加呈线性关系;④介体促进效果与介体取代基团数量、位置和电子共轭效应相关.本研究初步建立了氧化还原介体定性/定量构-效关系数学模型,探究和完善非水溶性氧化还原介体催化强化理论体系.     

A^2O脱氮除磷工艺及其变型工艺比较分析

传统的A2O工艺及其变型工艺,由于工艺流程简单、控制方便、运行费用低等特点,目前仍广泛应用于污水处理的脱氮除磷。对传统的A2O工艺及其变型工艺的原理和特点进行了系统归纳和比较分析。     

宿迁市区负氧离子浓度变化与气象要素相关分析

对宿迁市区负氧离子浓度变化与气象要素的相关关系进行了分析。试验分析表明：宿迁市区年平均负氧离子浓度为1031个／cm^3,达到保健浓度水平,对人体健康有利;其中6月至次年1月高于保健浓度标准,2—5月负氧离子浓度在允许浓度范围,且远高于临界浓度。其中夏季负氧离子浓度最高,平均为1257个／cm^3,高于保健浓度标准,对人体健康有利;秋冬分别为965,1080个／cm^3,接近保健浓度水平,对人体健康有利;春季最小为823个／cm^3,对人体健康较有利。一天中负氧离子浓度凌晨最大,中午前后最小。负氧离子浓度变化与相关气象要素关系密切：月平均浓度与月平均相对湿度和降水量呈正相关;日平均浓度与日照时数呈负相关,与最小相对湿度、平均温度距平呈正相关;有雷电日和有降水日的负氧离子浓度比无雷电和无降水日明显偏高;逐时浓度与温度呈明显的负相关。     

海洋铁施肥研究进展

简要回顾了自1993年以来世界范围内海洋铁施肥试验的研究动态以及阶段性研究成果,注重探讨铁施肥后初级生产力的变化情况,海水中颗粒态有机碳变化与迁移情况以及铁施肥可能造成的环境影响及生态效应,初步分析了海洋铁施肥作为缓解气候变化策略面临的主要问题,以及进一步开展海洋铁施肥研究需要解决的关键问题,为我国开展海洋铁施肥相关的...