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Long-term survey of heavy-metal pollution, biofilm contamination and diatom community structure in the Riou Mort watershed, South-West France 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Morin S Duong TT Dabrin A Coynel A Herlory O Baudrimont M Delmas F Durrieu G Schäfer J Winterton P Blanc G Coste M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(3):532-542
In a metal-polluted stream in the Riou Mort watershed in SW France, periphytic biofilm was analyzed for diatom cell densities and taxonomic composition, dry weight and metal bio-accumulation (cadmium and zinc). Periphytic diatom communities were affected by the metal but displayed induced tolerance, seen through structural impact (dominance of small, adnate species) as well as morphological abnormalities particularly in the genera Ulnaria and Fragilaria. Species assemblages were characterized by taxa known to occur in metal-polluted environments, and shifts in the community structure expressed seasonal patterns: high numbers of Eolimna minima, Nitzschia palea and Pinnularia parvulissima were recorded in Summer and Autumn, whereas the species Surirella brebissonii, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Navicula lanceolata and Surirella angusta were dominant in Winter and Spring. Commonly used indices such as the Shannon diversity index and Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index reflected the level of pollution and suggest seasonal periodicity, the lowest diversities being observed in Summer. 相似文献
34.
Cadmium pollution resulted from fertilizer applications were studied by determining cadmium levels in agricultural and non-agricultural soils of Bafra and Çar?amba plains. Soil samples of 68 were collected from agricultural (34) and non-agricultural (34) areas. The sample of 2 g was placed in a test tube and digested with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid mixture (3:1, v/v) in an aluminum block. Taking up the evaporated residue was dissolved in 1% nitric acid and total cadmium concentrations were determined with GF-AAS. Mean level of cadmium contents were found in agricultural areas 0.162?±?0.078 for Çar?amba and 0.433?±?0.288 mg kg?1 for Bafra. The accuracy of the method was tested with determining cadmium contents of standard reference material and cadmium spiked soil samples. 相似文献
35.
Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by
adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary
experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10−5 M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was −1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was −0.8 V. The peak potentials were
found −0.652 V for Cd and −0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification
(LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 μg l−1 (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 μg l−1 (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples
are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of
the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry
method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained. 相似文献
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Soil pollution with Cd is an environmental problem common in the world, and it is necessary to establish what Cd concentrations
in soil could be dangerous to its fertility from toxicity effects and the risk of transference of this element to plants and
other organisms of the food chain. In this study, we assessed Cd toxicity on soil microorganisms and plants in two semiarid
soils (uncultivated and cultivated). Soil ATP content, dehydrogenase activity, and plant growth were measured in the two soils
spiked with concentrations ranging from 3 to 8000 mg Cd/kg soil and incubated for 3 h, 20 days, and 60 days. The Cd concentrations
that produced 5%; 10%;, and 50%; inhibition of each of the two soil microbiological parameter studied (ecological dose, ED,
values) were calculated using two different mathematical models. Also, the effect of Cd concentration on plant growth of ryegrass
(Lolium perenne, L.) was studied in the two soils. The Cd ED values calculated for soil dehydrogenase activity and ATP content were higher
in the agricultural soils than in the bare soil. For ATP inhibition, higher ED values were calculated than for dehydrogenase
activity inhibition. The average yields of ryegrass were reduced from 5.03 to 3.56 g in abandoned soil and from 4.21 to 1.15
g in agricultural soil with increasing concentrations of Cd in the soil. Plant growth was totally inhibited in abandoned and
agricultural soils at Cd concentrations above 2000 and 5000 mg/kg soil, respectively. There was a positive correlation between
the concentration of Cd in the plants and the total or DTPA-extractable concentrations of Cd in the soil. 相似文献
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给水管壁生物膜会吸附水中的重金属元素积累在管壁生物膜中,在受到扰动时释放回到水体,危害饮用水水质安全。试验以上海管网末梢水为实验对象,研究了PVC、铸铁和紫铜等三种管材上生物膜对铅、镉的解吸特性。结果表明,PVC、铸铁和紫铜附着生物膜对铅的解吸容量qe分别为:5.92211μmol·m^-2、128.3051μmol·m^-2和21.1808,解吸速率常数k分别为:0.001060 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1、0.000041 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1和0.000503 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1,对于镉元素三种材质的解吸容量qe分别为:14.71519μmol·m^-2、18.50481μmol·m^-2和2.25225μmol·m^-2;解吸速率常数k分别为:0.000102 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1、0.001070 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1和0.000103 m^2·μmol^-1·min^-1。 相似文献
40.
TiO_2/EP光催化降解水体中微污染磺胺嘧啶的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
制备了膨胀珍珠岩(EP)为载体的TiO2催化剂(TiO2/EP),对使用较为广泛的抗生素磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了TiO2的负载量、溶液的初始浓度、初始pH、无机离子(HCO3-、SO42-和Cl-)和腐殖酸(HA)对SDZ降解效果的影响。结果表明:SDZ的光催化降解符合一级反应动力学方程;当TiO2最佳负载量为20 wt%,SDZ浓度为5 mg/L,pH=6.7,紫外光照射强度为1 000μW/cm2,反应时间为45 min时,SDZ的降解率达到96%;HCO3-在低浓度时能促进SDZ的光催化降解,高浓度时促进作用不明显;SO42-和Cl-对SDZ的光催化降解有轻微的抑制作用;HA对SDZ光催化降解有显著的抑制作用,浓度越高,抑制作用越强。UV-TiO2/EP是一种去除水体中微污染SDZ的有效方法。 相似文献