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Elizabeth S. Homa 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(1):76-90
A mass-balance model of calcite precipitation was developed to investigate the interactions of the varied processes governing the generation and fate of calcite in lakes. The model was used in conjunction with data to assess the evolution and impact of calcite precipitation for calcareous, ultraoligotrophic Torch Lake, Michigan (USA). This lake is an ideal setting for implementation of a baseline modeling study of calcite precipitation where the physical drivers could be evaluated without being dominated, as in many systems, by biological processes. The model provides a representation of calcite precipitation with particulate surface area changing over time, and demonstrates that it is possible for the change in water clarity to be explained by calcite precipitation employing standard optical models. Using the mass balance model to quantify the roles of the various chemical, biological and physical processes interacting in the lake's epilimnion, it was shown that the seasonal temperature rise and air-water CO2 exchange drive calcite precipitation much more than primary production for this ultraoligotrophic system. 相似文献
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Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
C. Anthony Federer James W. Hornbeck Louise M. Tritton C. Wayne Martin Robert S. Pierce C. Tattersall Smith 《Environmental management》1989,13(5):593-601
Both harvest removal and leaching losses can deplete nutrient capital in forests, but their combined long-term effects have not been assessed previously. We estimated changes in total soil and biomass N, Ca, K, Mg, and P over 120 years from published data for a spruce-fir site in Maine, two northern hardwood sites in New Hampshire, central hardwood sites in Connecticut and Tennessee, and a loblolly pine site in Tennessee. For N, atmospheric inputs counterbalance the outputs, and there is little long-term change on most sites. For K, Mg, and P, the total pool may decrease by 2%–10% in 120 years depending on site and harvest intensity. For Ca, net leaching loss is 4–16 kg/ha/yr in mature forests, and whole-tree harvest removes 200–1100 kg/ha. Such leaching loss and harvest removal could reduce total soil and biomass Ca by 20%–60% in only 120 years. We estimated unmeasured Ca inputs from rock breakdown, root-zone deepening, and dry deposition; these should not be expected to make up the Ca deficit. Acid precipitation may be the cause of current high leaching of Ca. Although Ca deficiency does not generally occur now in acid forest soils, it seems likely if anthropogenic leaching and intensive harvest removal continue. 相似文献
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J. V. Brahana E. F. Hollyday 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(3):577-580
ABSTRACT: The method of identifying dry stream reaches in carbonate terrane as surface indicators of potential ground-water reservoirs offers a valuable exploration technique that is more rapid and less expensive than traditional exploration methods involving random test drilling. In areas where dry stream reaches occur, subsurface drainage successfully competes with surface drainage, and sheet-like dissolution openings have developed parallel to bedding creating the ground-water reservoir. The occurrence and hydraulic characteristics of such reservoirs are highly variable, as attested to by the wide range of well yields. Union Hollow in south-central Tennessee is the setting for a case study that illustrates the application of the dry stream reach technique. In this technique, dry stream reach identification is based on two types of readily acquired information: (1) remotely sensed black and white infrared aerial photography; and (2) surface reconnaissance of stream channel characteristics. Test drilling in Union Hollow subsequent to identification of the dry reach proved that a localized ground-water reservoir was present. 相似文献
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Bruce W. Loum W. Thomas Shoaf 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(1):190-194
Abstract: Chlorophyll analyses of both laboratory cultures and natural aquatic samples were unaffected by the use of magnesium carbonate. Equal volumes of the samples (at various pH values) were pipetted onto 0.45 micrometer filters with and without magnesium carbonate. Chlorophyll concentrations were determined for each filtered sample and those frozen for specified times. In all samples tested there was no difference either in the retention of algae or in the stability of chlorophyll over the time period and pH range tested. 相似文献
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铁基硅盐对土壤环境镉砷赋存形态及转化影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探明铁基硅盐对土壤镉砷赋存形态影响及各形态间转化规律,采用室内长期淹水培养吸附实验,研究不同比例铁硅材料对土壤离子态镉砷活性影响;筛选适宜铁基硅盐(FS)配比同时添加腐殖酸(FSC)和金属氧化物(FSCa),明确复配处理土壤中镉砷分级形态转化程度.结果显示,铁:硅比值增加10%,土壤pH值平均降低0.35;F2-S8处理土壤离子态镉降幅71%;F10-S0处理土壤离子态砷降低59.9%,离子态镉砷含量与硅酸盐-铁盐施用量互呈反比;处理F4-S6和F6-S4之间镉、砷钝化率产生交点,约为25%~30%.土壤中镉主要以可溶态为主,占比58%;砷主要以铁铝氧化态和钙结合态为主,占比40%和23%.铁硅比例为5:5或5.5:4.5左右复配能有效将铝结合态砷和铁铝氧化态砷转变为钙结合态砷和残渣态砷,可溶态镉转化为碳酸盐结合态镉以及铁锰氧化态镉,同步降低土壤中镉砷的活性. 相似文献
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L. Trotignon M. -H. Faur A. Stietel C. Riglet-Martial M. Sardin P. Vitorge F. Lefvre 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1997,26(1-4)
This work presents an intercomparison exercise between two geochemical migration codes, TRIO-EF (an object-oriented finite element code) and IMPACT (a chemical engineering code using mixing cells in series). The predictions of the two codes are compared with the reference experimental results obtained in a previous study of strontium transport in soil columns. This simulated geochemical system is well documented and includes ion exchange and dissolution-precipitation reactions. The solution transport is simulated by a one-dimensional advection-dispersion model. The predictions of TRIO-EF and IMPACT are both in good agreement with the experimental results. However, slight differences can be observed between the two codes, especially when concentration discontinuities are involved, such as precipitation fronts or changes in boundary conditions. These discrepancies between the two codes can mainly be attributed to the different discretisation approaches. 相似文献
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