云南蒋家沟泥石流运动特征及其发展趋势

根据蒋家沟1965~2005年的泥石流运动观测资料与会泽气象站1965~2005年日降水资料,应用Hurst指数分析泥石流的运动要素,研究发现:泥石流年输沙量的Hurst指数为0.682时,年输沙量呈较强的正持续性,未来呈增长趋势;降雨量的Hurst指数0.605时,降雨量呈较弱的正持续性,未来呈较弱的增长趋势。同时,运用小波分析方法,发现泥石流输沙量具有多时间尺度周期的特征,主要表现为:第8、14和24年分别为其第1、2和3活动周期;结合小波方差图分析可知:在未来15 a以上,年输沙量将呈减少趋势,泥石流活跃程度弱;而15 a以内,未来将会保持较短时间的增加趋势,泥石流活跃程度强。综合以上分析可知:蒋家沟泥石流具有规模巨大,作用强烈,类型齐全等主要特征。     

红球菌CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的特性及途径

以一株降解氯氰菊酯的红球菌(Rhodococcussp.)CDT3为材料,研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的最适条件(温度、pH值、接种量、培养时间、添加营养物).结果表明,在温度30℃,pH8.0时,CDT3对氯氰菊酯的降解率最高,添加少量葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母汁均能促进它对氯氰菊酯的降解.研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的代谢途径,通过GC-MS分析,证实氯氰菊酯被CDT3降解后的产物是3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)和二氯菊酸(DCVA),推测氯氰菊酯是由CDT3产生的羧酸酯酶降解的,作为验证,提取了CDT3的粗酶液,并且通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测了羧酸酯酶.     

Secondary sexual characters and female quality in primates

Honest advertisement models of sexual selection propose that exaggerated secondary sexual ornaments are condition-dependent, and that only individuals with superior disease resistance will be able to express costly ornamentation. Studies of secondary sexual ornamentation and their maintenance by sexual selection tend to focus on males. However, females may also possess showy ornaments. We investigated whether female ornaments, in the form of sexual swellings, reliably signal female fitness in a semifree-ranging colony of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) at the Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville (CIRMF), Gabon. We measured swelling height and width using photographs of periovulatory females over three mating seasons and compared swelling size with parasitism (using fecal analysis over one annual cycle), immune status (ratio of lymphocytes to neutrophils in blood smears made during captures), and genetic diversity (microsatellite heterozygosity). Swelling size varied by up to 10% between cycles in individual females, giving some support to the hypothesis that size differences may indicate the quality of individual swelling cycles. However, there was no significant difference in swelling size between conceptive and nonconceptive cycles. Measures of swelling size varied more between females than within females across swelling cycles, implying that swelling size was a relatively consistent characteristic of individual females. Swelling size was not significantly related to either general measures of parasitism and immune status, or to the closest available measures to each swelling cycle. Nor was swelling size significantly related to genetic diversity. The healthy, provisioned nature of the colony and problems associated with observational, correlational studies restrict interpretation of our data. However, in combination with previous findings that females of higher reproductive success do not show larger swellings, and that males do not allocate mating effort as a function of swelling size, these results imply that sexual swelling size does not indicate female quality in these semifree-ranging mandrills.     

灾害事件网络舆论监督多重性分析

5·12汶川地震发生后,网络媒介发挥了重要的舆论监督功能.其呈现出的多重性特点,在一定程度上改变了传统的社会舆论监督模式,成为传统媒体舆论监督的有力补充.本文分别从监督对象与内容、监督主体与方式、监督环节与效果三方面分析了其多重性的表现及其内在成因,并提出了相应的完善措施.     

基于相关系数分析油菜若干性状与产量关系

油菜的十大性状与产量的相关分析,若按与产量相关系数大小排列,则依次为主茎总叶数>根茎粗>株高>一次有效分枝数>主茎绿叶数>二次有效分枝数>单株角果数>每角粒数>千粒重,前8个性状与产量均达到显者正相关,每角粒数与产量的相关不显著,而千粒重与产量呈负相关.表3,参4.     

渤海主要河口污染特征研究

于2000年对渤海湾主要河口及海岸带部分区域与环境毒理学相关的污染特征进行了一次探查分析。结果表明,环渤海湾河口区域部分水质和底泥的环境污染程度属中度或严重污染状态。其中,有些采样点个别重金属元素和有机污染物超过有关环境标准的状况较严重,如在海河口、辽河口及黄河口的个别样品中,有害元素铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)等的含量超标数倍以上,总可检出有机物达200余种,污染物可能主要来源于各类生产单位的废水排放。      

300MW火电机组电除尘器的增效技术改造

以厦门嵩屿电厂一期2×300MW燃煤发电机组除尘器增设一个电场的技术改造为例,介绍了旧机组的电除尘器增加电场的改造内容及施工过程,重点分析了增设所增设电场的技术特点。     

近38年安徽省夏季降水日数和强度的分布与变化特征

选用1971～2008年安徽省78个地面气象站的观测资料,分析夏季降水和暴雨的气候变化规律。从结果来看安徽省夏季降水主要受到地理位置、地形地貌和风、温、湿等气象因素的影响。根据主要影响因子的不同,按照降水特性以及行政边界将安徽省划分成了10个区,不同区域内降水特征和分布结构各有差异。在时间变化上,雨日出现概率有下降的趋势,但暴雨日比重和降水量均有升高的变化特征。综合而言,安徽省的降水朝着具有局地性、突发性的强降水过程方面发展,从而导致部分区域内突发性暴雨过程频发     

煤基腐殖酸对外源砷胁迫下玉米生长及生理性状的影响

为了筛选用于砷污染土壤治理的煤基腐殖酸,采用盆栽实验研究了施用不同种类和浓度的煤基腐殖酸及EDTA对外源砷胁迫下玉米株高、株鲜重、株干重、根干重、砷积累量、叶片抗氧化酶（POD,SOD和CAT）活性和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,11种供试煤基腐殖酸均促进了玉米生长,提高了叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性。其中6和10号腐殖酸可降低土壤砷活性和显著抑制玉米吸收和积累砷,而8和9号腐殖酸增加了土壤活性砷和显著促进了玉米对砷的吸收和累积,且不同程度地强于EDTA。除8和9号外,其余腐殖酸均可明显降低玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量。EDTA可显著促进玉米吸收和积累砷,且加剧了砷对玉米的危害。因此,8和9号供试煤基腐殖酸可以替代EDTA活化土壤砷,与植物配合以提高砷污染土壤的植物修复速度和效果,而6和10号供试煤基腐殖酸则可用于土壤砷钝化剂,以保证作物产品的安全。