原生质体电诱导融合构建去除重金属的高效菌

研究了采用原生质体电融合技术构建高效的重金属去除菌;对影响电融合效率的几个参数,以及融合子的生长条件、除铬性能和遗传稳定性等方面进行了考察;确定了进行电融合的最佳条件,并选出 1株最好的融合株R32. 实验结果表明:R32不论是在处理低浓度还是高浓度的铬液时,其去除率和还原率都明显高于 2株亲本菌,处理低浓度含铬废水时,去除率和还原率可达到 100%;处理高浓度含铬废水(200mgL-1 )时,还原率仍可达 50%以上. 经过多次传代后,R32的除铬能力保持稳定. 当投菌量>10gL-1 (湿重)时,其去除率和还原率都在 80%以上. 正交实验结果显示,pH和Cu2 浓度对R32的生长影响都不大,这些特点都有利于R32在实际含铬废水处理中的应用. 图 4表 3参 14     

一株苯酚厌氧降解菌的选育及其降解苯酚的研究

从厌氧驯化的活性污泥中筛选到一株高活力苯酚降解菌,鉴定为白假丝酵母(Candida albicans),命名为PDY-07。该菌株能以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源。菌株PDY-07降解苯酚的最佳温度为35℃;pH值范围为6.9～7.1;菌株PDY-07耐受苯酚的能力可以达到2600mg/L。     

用苎麻生物脱胶废水生产热带假丝酵母单细胞蛋白

采用热带假丝酵母处理苎麻生物脱胶废水。将COD为23 060 mg/L的苎麻生物脱胶废水稀释1倍后进行发酵处理,COD去除率最高,为60.85%。发酵条件的正交实验结果表明:在发酵温度为35℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,苎麻生物脱胶废水COD去除率最高;发酵温度为30℃、初始发酵pH为7.0、接种量为10%、发酵时间为48 h的条件下,单细胞蛋白生成量最高。发酵时间为48 h时,灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为75.75%,单细胞蛋白生成量为5.375 g/L;未灭菌的发酵培养基的COD去除率为72.25%,单细胞蛋白生成量为2.875 g/L。     

酵母菌-细菌联合修复石油污染土壤研究

采用室内模拟方法研究热带假丝酵母菌(Candida tropicalis)和粪链球菌(Streptococcus faecalis)对石油污染土壤的联合修复,并监测修复过程中土壤脱氢酶活性、石油污染组分的变化. 结果表明:酵母菌-细菌混合菌剂在对石油烃的去除中表现出协同作用,连续培养32 d后混合菌处理组对总石油烃(TPH)的去除率达到29.9%,较单菌处理组高约50%;混合菌处理组脱氢酶活性高于单菌,并与石油烃去除率呈很好的相关性;前期低分子量烷烃降解效果明显,对于C15～C21的高分子量烷烃的降解效果主要在第32天时显现.      

麦芽糖假丝酵母降解苯酚和4-氯酚的特性

考察麦芽糖假丝酵母对单底物4-氯酚的降解特性,研究苯酚与4-氯酚在双底物降解体系中的相互作用,并对比分析该菌株对苯酚和4-氯酚的降解能力。研究发现,麦芽糖假丝酵母能以4-氯酚为唯一碳源和能源,可在93 h内降解350 mg/L 4-氯酚,其降解4-氯酚的能力低于苯酚。酶活分析表明,4-氯酚降解遵循邻位裂解途径。细胞生长动力学过程符合Haldane方程,动力学参数为:μmax=0.252 h-1,Ks=33.58 mg/L,Ki=147.44 mg/L,相关系数R2=0.99。在苯酚/4-氯酚双底物降解体系中,较低浓度苯酚(200~400 mg/L)可以促进4-氯酚的降解,而较高浓度苯酚会产生抑制作用,当苯酚初始浓度为300 mg/L时,4-氯酚降解速率最大;4-氯酚的存在会抑制苯酚的降解。采用Abuhamed等人提出的动力学方程可以准确描述苯酚/4-氯酚双底物降解体系中细胞生长过程,得到两物质之间的相互抑制参数: I1,2=1.71,I2,1=3.25,相关系数R2=0.93。     

Biosorption effects of copper ions on Candida utilis under negative pressure cavitation

Under the optimal condition of copper ions adsorption on yeast,we found some different effects among static adsorption, shaking adsorption and negative pressure cavitation adsorption, and the methods of yeast with different pretreatments also affect adsorption of copper ions. At the same time, the change of intercellular pH before and after adsorption of copper with BCECF was studied. The copper distribution was located by using PhenGreen （dipotassium salt and diacetate）, and the surface of yeast was observed by an atomic force microscope. The results showed that negative pressure cavitation can improve bioadsorption capacity of copper ions on yeast. However, the yeasts＇ pretreatment has a higher effect on bioadsorption. It indicates that heavy metal bioadsorption on yeast has much relation with its cellular molecule basis. With the adsorping, the intercellular pH of yeast increased gradually and changed from acidity to alkalescence. These results may suggest that negative pressure cavitation can compel heavy metals to transfer from the cell surface into inside cell and make the surface of yeast coarse.     

Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil using Candida catenulata and food waste

Even though petroleum-degrading microorganisms are widely distributed in soil and water, they may not be present in sufficient numbers to achieve contaminant remediation. In such cases, it may be useful to inoculate the polluted area with highly effective petroleum-degrading microbial strains to augment the exiting ones. In order to identify a microbial strain for bioaugmentation of oil-contaminated soil, we isolated a microbial strain with high emulsification and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency of diesel fuel in culture. The efficacy of the isolated microbial strain, identified as Candida catenulata CM1, was further evaluated during composting of a mixture containing 23% food waste and 77% diesel-contaminated soil including 2% (w/w) diesel. After 13 days of composting, 84% of the initial petroleum hydrocarbon was degraded in composting mixes containing a powdered form of CM1 (CM1-solid), compared with 48% of removal ratio in control reactor without inoculum. This finding suggests that CM1 is a viable microbial strain for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil with food waste through composting processes.     

处理啤酒洗糟废水同时生产单细胞蛋白

用热带假丝酵母在 1.5L气升式内循环生物反应器中处理啤酒生产中的洗糟废水 ,同时生产热带假丝酵母 .探讨了 pH,温度及氮源对降解废水动力学的影响 .实验结果表明 ,用热带假丝酵母既可以有效地降解洗糟废水中的 COD,又可以产生一定数量可作单细胞蛋白的酵母 .对于含糖 0.3%左右的洗糟废水可获得约 500 mg/L(干重 )的酵母 ,并可使废水 COD降解约 80% .     

海洋苯酚降解菌Candida sp.P5的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从海洋沉积物中分离、筛选到一株能以苯酚作为唯一碳源和能源的酵母菌P5．根据菌落特征、菌体形态、生理生化特性和18SrDNA序列分析，确定菌株P5为假丝酵母菌属（Candicla　sp．）．该菌株最适宜生长和降解苯酚的条件为：温度25℃，pH6．0～7．0，摇床转速100r／min，需氧；菌株P5能在较高浓度的苯酚条件下生长，在72h内可以降解95％以上的苯酚．对苯酚代谢途径和相关酶的研究发现，菌株P5主要在邻苯二酚1，2-双加氧酶作用下通过邻位途径进行苯酚代谢．图7表2参24     

流加发酵及添加L-半胱氨酸对产朊假丝酵母高密度培养合成谷胱甘肽的影响

通过7L罐考察了不同葡萄糖流加速率以及添加L-半胱氨酸对产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)WSH02-08高密度发酵生产谷胱甘肽(GSH)的影响.结果表明,在恒定速度(5.5g L-1h-1)流加葡萄糖30h的基础上,发酵45h后细胞干重最高达到73g L-1,此时向发酵罐中一次性添加L-半胱氨酸40mmol L-1,最终GSH产量和胞内GSH含量分别达到了1458mg L-1和2.26%.图4表1参11