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211.
HU Jie LI Daping LIU Qiang TAO Yong HE Xiaohong WANG Xiaomei LI Xudong GAO Ping 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(3)
The effects of organic carbon/inorganic nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the nitrification processes and the community shifts of nitrifying biofilms were investigated by kinetic comparison and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results showed that the nitrification rate decreased with an increasing organic concentration. However, the effect became weak when the carbon concentration reached sufficiently high level. Denitrification was detected after organic carbon was added. The 12 h ammonium removal rate ranged from 85% to 30% at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 compare to control (C/N = 0). The loss of nitrogen at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, (8 and 16 was 31%, 18%, 24%, 65%, 59% and 62% respectively, after 24 h. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the dominant populations changed from nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp.) to denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Acidovorax sp. and Comamonas sp.) with C/N ratio increase. Although at high C/N ratio the denitrifying bacteria were the dominant populations, nitrifying bacteria grew simultaneously. Conrrespondingly, nitrification process coexisted with denitrification. 相似文献
212.
213.
214.
顶空毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水中丙酮甲醇乙腈 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水中丙酮、甲醇和乙腈,确定顶空平衡温度为95 ℃,平衡时间为30 min,氯化钠质量浓度为200 g/L。丙酮、甲醇和乙腈在0.500 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.02 mg/L、0.10 mg/L和0.04 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD≤3.0%,两个质量浓度水平的空白加标回收率范围为90%~108%。苯系物对测定不产生影响,吡啶会影响甲醇的测定。 相似文献
215.
在3种不同的低温驯化策略下启动3套规格相同的厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(ASBBR),在对运行过程中氮素变化规律进行分析的同时,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对生物膜上的细菌种群结构进行分析,初步考察了厌氧氨氧化的活性.结果表明,对应a1、a2和a33种不同的低温驯化策略,A1、A2和A33个反应器分别经过62,56,70d的驯化后,表现出不同的厌氧氨氧化活性.以氮素转化效率作为衡量标准,其活性依次为A3>A1>A2.DGGE分析进一步说明,在不同的驯化策略下,反应器表现出不同的种群多样性,但种群结构基本保持一致;在接种物相同的策略中,降温幅度对种群多样性的影响与其对厌氧氨氧化活性的影响具有一致性. 相似文献
216.
Soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure with di erent
application rates of Cd and Pb 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This study focused on the changes of soil microbial diversity and potential inhibitory effects of heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities at different application rates of Cd andor Pb. The soil used for experiments was collected from Beijing and classified as endoaquepts. Pots containing 500 g of the soil with different Cd andor Pb application rates were incubated for a period of 0, 2, 9, 12 weeks in a glasshouse and the soil samples were analyzed for individual enzymes, including catalase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, and the changes of microbial community structure. Results showed that heavy metals slightly inhibited the enzymatic activities in all the samples spiked with heavy metals. The extent of inhibition increased significantly with increasing level of heavy metals, and varied with the incubation periods. The soil bacterial community structure, as determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, was different in the contaminated samples as compared to the control. The highest community change was observed in the samples amended with high level of Cd. Positive correlations were observed among the three enzymatic activities, but negative correlations were found between the amounts of the heavy metals and the enzymatic activities. 相似文献
217.
Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs. 相似文献
218.
Plankton community composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
revealed by PCR-DGGE and its relationships
with environmental factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant "biodiversity units". OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacterial OTUs (45) and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs (39) were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi Rive sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO3^--N, dissolved oxygen (DO), and SiO3^2--Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO4^3--P, and SiO3^2--Si. 相似文献
219.
毛细管胶束电动色谱柱端安培检测对氧磷、甲基对硫磷、乙基对硫磷、扑灭松 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用毛细管胶束电动色谱柱端安培检测的方法对对氧磷、甲基对硫磷、乙基对硫磷、扑灭松等四种常见有机磷农药进行了分离检测,对缓冲液种类、离子浓度、pH值、胶束浓度、电极的检测电势等检测条件进行了最佳优化。结果表明,此方法对四种农药的质量检测限较气相色谱法低3~4个数量级,并将用于地表水样品的检测。 相似文献