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91.
Jianfang WANG Qingliang ZHAO Wenbiao JIN Jikan LIN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(1):36-43
The oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process is a promising wastewater treatment technique for efficiently reducing sludge production
and improving the stability of process operation. In this paper, the possible factors of sludge reduction such as sludge decay,
uncoupled metabolism, and anaerobic oxidation with low sludge production were discussed in the OSA process. It has been confirmed
that sludge decay is the decisive cause in the OSA process, accounting for 66.7% of sludge production reduction. Sludge decay
includes hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dead microorganisms and particle organic carbon adsorbed in sludge floc and endogenous
metabolism. By batch experiments, it has been proven that there is energetic uncoupling in the OSA system since microorganisms
were exposed to alternative anaerobic and aerobic environment. It accounts for about 7.5% of sludge production reduction.
Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) released from the anaerobic sludge tank in the OSA process was used as the substrate
for cryptic growth. The substrate was used for anoxic denitrifying, anaerobic phosphorus release, sulfate reduction, and methane
production. These anaerobic reactions in the sludge anaerobic tank have lower sludge production than in the aerobic oxidation
when equivalent SCOD is consumed, which may lead to approximately 23% of sludge reduction in the OSA process. It has been
concluded that multiple causes resulted in the minimization of excess sludge in the OSA system. The microbial community structure
and diversity of sludge samples from the CAS (conventional activated sludge) and OSA systems were investigated by 16 SrDNA
PCR-DG-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). DGGE profile and cluster
analysis showed more abundant species in the OSA system contrasting to microbial communities in the CAS system. 相似文献
92.
多位点酶电泳在黄芪根瘤菌分类中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报导了分析根瘤菌各种多位点酶的电泳缓冲系统和染色方法,并对黄芪根瘤菌进行了分类研究,结果表明:采用多位点酶电泳图谱进行聚类可得到与数值分类基本一致的结果,证实这是一种行之有效、简便快速的分类方法. 相似文献
93.
94.
The binding of 4 s-triazines herbicides and metabolites, ameline, hydroxyatrazine, atraton, and ametryn to 12 structurally different humic substances
was studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Binding data were confronted to the structural data of humic acids obtained
from spectrometric measurements (UV-Vis, FT/IR, NMR), elemental analysis and potentiometric titration. The results obtained
with principal component analysis and partial least square analysis clearly show the importance of carboxylic acidity and
aromaticity of the humic ligands in relation to the partial positive charge and relative hydrophobicity of the pesticides. 相似文献
95.
96.
The present study investigated capillary electrophoretic detection of vanillin in vanilla perfume and air. An UV-absorbance detector was used in a home-made capillary electrophoretic instrument. A fused silica capillary (outer diameter: 364 μm, inner diameter: 50 μm) was used as a separation capillary, and a high electric voltage (20 kV) was applied across the two ends of the capillary. Total length of the capillary was 70 cm, and the effective length was 55 cm. Experimental results showed that the vanillin peak was detected at about 600, 450, and 500 seconds when pH of running buffers in CE were 7.2, 9.3, and 11.5, respectively. The peak area of vanillin was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0–10?2 mol/L. The detection limit was about 10?5 mol/L. Vanillin concentration in a 1% vanilla perfume sample was determined to be about 3×10?4 mol/L, agreed well with that obtained by a HPLC method. Furthermore, determination of vanillin in air by combination of CE and active carbon adsorption method was investigated 相似文献
97.
98.
活性污泥厌氧Fe(Ⅲ)还原氨氧化现象初探 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
采用常规化学分析和微生物群落变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)监测技术,探究了厌氧条件下活性污泥中Fe(Ⅲ)还原氨氧化(Feammox)反应的存在及微生物群落动态响应.结果表明,当反应器运行至第24 d时NH_4~+发生转化,同时检测到NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ)的生成,表明活性污泥中存在着Fe(Ⅲ)还原NH_4~+氧化反应,产物主要为NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ),并伴随少量N_2生成.经过84d培养,氨氮最大转化量达29.85 mg·L~(-1),转化率为59.7%,出水NO_3~-最高值达24.56 mg·L~(-1).活性污泥中Feammox为产酸过程,体系中p H值下降.整个培养过程中微生物群落条带分布发生变化,参与活性污泥中Feammox反应的部分群落在培养过程获得保留,部分优势菌群获得富集. 相似文献
99.
采用毛细管柱气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器测定环境空气中的樟脑,选择硅胶为吸附剂,甲醇/丙酮混合溶剂(体积比90∶10)为解析剂.方法在0.544 mg/L~109 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.06 mg/L,当采样体积为20 L时,最低检出质量浓度为0.003 mg/m3,标准溶液平行测定的RSD≤3.8%,空白... 相似文献
100.
成组生物毒性测试法综合评价典型工业废水毒性 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
为了更加准确地评估典型工业废水的综合生物毒性以及处理工艺对废水毒性的削减情况,采用发光细菌急性毒性实验、大型溞急性毒性实验和单细胞凝胶电泳实验,结合潜在生态毒性效应探测(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)指数对常州市7种典型工业废水的综合生物毒性进行了评价。结果表明,7种工业原水都表现出了急性毒性或遗传毒性,综合生物毒性强度的排序为电子厂>电镀厂>综合污水处理厂>印染厂>化工厂>食品厂>制药厂。而7种工业废水的处理后出水综合生物毒性强度的排序为印染厂>化工厂>电子厂>综合污水处理厂>食品厂>制药厂>电镀厂。其中,印染和化工厂出水综合生物毒性高于原水,分别增加了43.3%和38.7%,PEEP评价结果显示分别属于剧毒和高毒,而电镀、电子、综合污水处理和食品厂出水的综合生物毒性削减明显,分别比原水削减了76.9%、53.1%、48.3%和26.6%,PEEP结果表明基本无毒。建立在成组生物毒性实验基础上的PEEP评价方法可全面反映工业废水的综合生物毒性,进而更客观地评价废水对水生态系统乃至人类健康的潜在影响。 相似文献