基于MATLAB的液氨泄漏环境风险分析

利用MATLAB软件,对液氨储罐在生产、储存、运输过程中发生的液氨泄漏进行模拟,根据不同环境参数和泄漏源强,模拟出液氨泄漏后的安全区、轻伤区、重伤区、死亡区的距离,并进行环境风险评价,以为企业、政府和泄漏区域的居民撤离、应急救援提供参考。     

日本东京供水管网的漏损预防管理

供水管网的漏损控制管理是城市水资源管理以及节水管理中的重要环节,东京作为国际上管网漏损控制最优秀的城市之一,漏损率从1955年战后恢复时期的20％控制到2007年的3．3％。多年来,东京在漏损控制技术和管理方面积累了丰富的优秀经验,并且建立了完善的供水管网漏损预防管理体系,指出为了保证有效的漏损控制和预防,必须做到以下四个方面,即准确掌握管网属性信息、重视管网的维护和更新、不断发展漏损控制与预防技术及重视人力资源管理及人才培养。东京成功的漏损控制经验可以从管理体制、管理手段、技术研发、人才培养等方面对中国的供水管网漏损管理及节水管理提供有益的借鉴经验。     

粘胶基活性炭纤维深度净化城市污水处理厂出水的实验研究

分别用粉状活性炭、粒状活性炭和粘胶基活性炭纤维处理污水处理厂出水,通过对水中COD、氨氮、浊度、pH值等指标进行对比实验,初步研究结果表明,活性炭纤维的吸附速率最快,达到吸附平衡所用时间最短,对水中COD吸附容量达124.6mg/g,浊度的去除率83%,但对氨氮、pH值无明显吸附效果。     

辽宁低碳经济的制约因素与应对策略

气候问题是人类价值所在,低碳经济是全球气候变化背景下中国的必然选择,发展低碳经济,符合国际发展的价值理念和趋势。在全球金融危机背景下,按照低碳经济的发展要求,分析辽宁发展低碳经济面临的主要障碍与制约因素,重点研究适合"低碳经济"要求的辽宁经济结构低碳化调整的应对策略,指出克服技术和资本的锁定效应是辽宁经济结构适应"低碳经济"调整的着力点,最后提出辽宁必须建立发展低碳经济的长效机制。     

包埋活性炭聚氨酯软泡去除废水中苯酚的研究

通过对Pu-Ac吸附剂进行吸附苯酚实验,Pu-Ac吸附剂吸附25mg/L苯酚溶液时确定平衡吸附时间为12h;当pH值在6~7范围内,溶液呈弱酸性时对苯酚的去除率达到最大值;Pu-Ac吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附去除率低于粉末活性炭;水体中含有的细颗粒泥沙含沙量在0.1~10kg/m3范围内对苯酚的吸附效果基本没有影响;Pu-Ac吸附剂经NaOH强碱溶液再生后,对苯酚的去除率保持在70%左右,可以循环利用。     

Temporary storage of carbon in the biosphere does have value for climate change mitigation: a response to the paper by Miko Kirschbaum

Kirschbaum (Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 11:1151–1164, 2006) explores the climatic impact over time of temporarily sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. He concludes that temporary storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere “achieves effectively no climate-change mitigation”. His strongly worded statement begs for a response. This paper argues that Kirschbaum’s conclusion is an artifact of the specific perspective of his analysis and his choice of a definition for climate-change impact. Even temporary sinks put us on a lower path for climate change, a path that will not otherwise be accessible. For carbon sinks in the terrestrial biosphere, we argue that sooner is better and longer is better, but even known temporary sinks have value.

The Dutch National System for forest sector greenhouse gas reporting under UNFCCC

A full account for carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gas balance is presented for the Dutch forest and nature areas for 1990–2002 at a Tier 2.5 level. The paper outlines how complex guidelines can be turned into a practical system, appropriate for a small country, making use of the best knowledge and data available. The net total sink of all processes of the forest and other nature terrains balance is very stable through time around an average of 1.74 million tonnes of CO₂ per year. The sink is to a large extent determined by the growth of forest remaining forest, and the harvest taking place in there. Newly added processes in this new National System are significant as well, but they compensate each other. The sources from deforestation and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions (around 900 ktonne CO₂) are for two thirds compensated by the sinks from afforestation, dead wood, soil C changes due to land use changes, and trees outside the forest. The land use changes between 1990 and 2000 showed that The Netherlands has an annual deforestation of 2504 ha (0.7% of the forest area) and an afforestation of 3124 ha. Deforestation led in total over the 13 years of 1990–2002 to an emission of 11.2 million tonne CO₂ compensated by only 1.9 million tonne CO₂ due to afforestation.

What is the maximum potential for CO2 sequestration by “stimulated” weathering on the global scale?

Natural chemical weathering of silicate rocks is a significant sink for soil and atmospheric CO₂. Previous work suggested that natural chemical weathering may be stimulated by applying finely ground silicate rocks to agricultural areas or forests [stimulated weathering (SW)]. However, it remained unknown if this technique is practical to sequester globally significant amounts of CO₂ under realistic conditions. Applying first estimates of “normal treatment” amounts from a literature review, we report here a theoretical global maximum potential of 65 10⁶ t sequestered C a⁻¹ if SW would be applied homogenously on all agricultural and forested areas of the world. This is equivalent to 0.9% of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions (reference period 2000–2005). First, however, the assumed application of SW on most of the considered areas is not economically feasible because of logistic issues, and second the net-CO₂ sequestration is expected to amount to only a fraction of consumed CO₂ due to the energy demand of the application itself (currently ~11%). Unless progress in application procedures is provided, the recent realistic maximum net-CO₂-consumption potential is expected to be much smaller than 0.1% of anthropogenic emissions, and the SW would thus not be one of the key techniques to reduce atmospheric CO₂ concentration. However, literature suggests that for some agricultural areas (croplands) and specifically for rice production areas in humid climates, this SW may be a feasible tool to support international efforts to sequester CO₂. SW may be cost effective for those areas if linked to the CO₂-emission certificate trade in the future, and increases in crop production are taken into account.     

金矿尾矿库渗漏后治理措施的探寻

分析了金矿尾矿库发生渗漏的原因,重点介绍了尾矿库渗漏后的综合治理措施。通过治理措施的实施,不仅解决了尾矿库渗漏问题,而且为尾矿库的增高扩容提供了良好的条件。其成功经验可以为类似金矿企业所借鉴。     

填埋场直流电阻电路模型及分析

为研究垃圾填埋场的导电特性,建立了一种填埋场直流电阻电路模型,并对回路中的各部分电阻进行了分析.结果表明:随着供电电极直径和入土深度的增加,回路电阻减小,而随着供电电极与漏洞之间距离的增大,回路电阻缓慢增加;漏洞电阻由接触电阻和内阻组成,前者远大于后者,对一个半径为1cm的圆形漏洞来说,接触电阻可达1500Ω,而内阻只占到接触电阻的1/10;在供电电极周围浇水可明显降低回路电阻,在场内电极直径为20mm,入土深度为0.4m,电极与漏洞之间距离为20m时,浇水后的回路电阻可减小26.6%.