CompactRIO在阀门内漏自动测试系统中的应用

介绍了计算机测试系统发展现状、设计原则以及应用于阀门内漏自动检测的工作原理、系统配置和检测程序。     

四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究

本文介绍了四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究过程,通过时分析方法中,标准试剂的选择,萃取剂的选择,碘化钾（K1）用量的选择,及稳定性实验,消除干扰实验,环境温度实验,方法准确度及精密度实验,表明此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

液氨泄漏事故的定量风险评价研究

本文运用挪威船级社(DNV)的风险评估软件SAFETI对液氨储罐发生连续性泄漏事故进行了模拟,同时对事故模拟过程中各种参数的选择进行了较详细的说明,并针对液氨泄漏事故建立了相应的风险评价模型,对液氨泄漏的毒性危害后果及风险进行了定量分析和评价,计算了液氨泄漏事故的扩散距离及影响范围,提出了人员疏散和安全撤离方式的建议,以为该事故的应急救援工作提供技术指导和理论依据。     

液化石油气球罐泄漏扩散的数值模拟

利用流体力学Fluent软件,对液化石油气球罐区泄漏扩散进行了数值模拟,主要研究不同风速和不同形状障碍物存在条件下扩散流场的变化规律。结果表明:风速影响扩散方向、距离、浓度以及扩散平衡时间;障碍物的存在改变了常规扩散轨迹、空腔区浓度积聚,且不同曲率的障碍物在介质扩散过程中所承受的外压不同。该研究结果对球罐区安全事故救援具有指导意义。     

碳排放与能源消费和经济增长的灰色关联分析

中国碳排放问题成为世界关注的焦点问题。研究碳排放与经济增长、能源消费关系有助于实现2020年碳减排目标。选取2001～2009年碳排放与能源消费、经济增长数据,运用灰色关联分析模型,分别计算碳排放与能源消费、经济增长的灰色关联度。研究结果表明,无论是从折线的相似程度还是相对于始点变化速率的接近程度来看,碳排放曲线与能源消费曲线、经济增长曲线十分相似,说明碳排放与能源消费、经济增长之间存在紧密联系。     

浅议C02地质封存的潜在风险

随着气候的不断变暖,全球开始寻找减缓气候变暖的技术及措施,在所有减排技术中,CCS技术贡献达20％以上。CCS技术虽是有效减排CO2和提高石油、天然气等能源采收率的技术手段,但目前该技术尚处于发展阶段,还存在一些潜在的风险问题,捕集、运输、封存三个环节都存在CO2泄露的风险,泄露将污染地下水、影响动植物甚至人类,还有可能诱发地震等。主要研究了CCS技术的地质封存环节C02泄露存在的潜在风险,分析了地质封存的CO2泄漏的方式及危害,并提出了可采取的应对措施。     

Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the South China Sea

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD. ● CH₄ and CO₂ show mid-morning high and evening low patterns during sea breezes. ● Wind direction significantly modulates the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHGs). To examine the variation characteristics of CH₄ and CO₂ in the coastal South China Sea, atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ measurements were performed in Bohe (BH), Guangdong, China, in summer 2021. By using an adaptive data analysis method, the diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze (SB) and land breeze (LB), respectively. The average concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ were 1876.91 ± 31.13 ppb and 407.99 ± 4.24 ppm during SB, and 1988.12 ± 109.92 ppb and 421.54 ± 14.89 ppm during LB, respectively. The values of CH₄ and CO₂ during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites, showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis. The extracted diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns (with peaks at 5:00–7:00) during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns (with peaks at 9:00) during SB. The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH₄ and CO₂ during LB were almost two to three times those during SB. Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the South China Sea.     

Achievements,challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.     

Dissolved methane in anaerobic effluent: Emission or recovery?

Various anaerobic processes have been explored for the energy-efficient treatment of municipal wastewater. However, dissolved methane in anaerobic effluent appears to be a barrier towards the energy and carbon neutrality of wastewater treatment. Although several dissolved methane recovery methods have been developed, their engineering feasibility and economic viability have not yet been assessed in a holistic manner. In this perspective, we thus intend to offer additional insights into the cost-benefit of dissolved methane recovery against its emission.     

澎溪河流域水中碳素分布特征的研究

面对三峡库区日益突出的环境问题,研究人员做出众多研究,但对库区河流碳的赋存形态及其影响研究报道较少.在2019年春夏两季通过现场采样室内分析的方式测定了各形态碳含量,重点分析了澎溪河流域水中碳素的分布特征.结果 表明:澎溪河流域碳含量总体呈现上游低下游高,春季低夏季高的分布特点,两季TOC均值均超过水体富营养化标准达1...