A simulation model to evaluate the impacts of invasive earthworms on soil carbon dynamics

Recent studies have reported that earthworm invasions alter native communities and impact nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We developed a simulation model to evaluate the potential impacts of earthworm invasions on carbon dynamics, taking into consideration earthworm feeding strategies and priming effects on the microorganisms through their casting activities. Responses of carbon stocks (forest litter, soil organic matter, microbial biomass and earthworm populations) and carbon fluxes (litter decomposition, earthworm consumption, and microbial respiration) were used to evaluate an earthworm invasion of a forest ecosystem. Data from a northern temperate forest (Arnot Forest, New York) were adapted for model calibration and evaluation. Simulation results suggest that the impact and outcome of earthworm invasions are affected by pre-invasion resource availability (litter and soil organic matter), invasive earthworm assemblages (particularly feeding strategy), and invasion history (associated with earthworm population dynamics). The abovementioned factors may also determine invasion progress of earthworm species. The accuracy of the model could be improved by the addition of environmental modules (e.g., soil water regimes), precise parameters accounting for individual species attributes under different environmental conditions (e.g. utilization ability of different types of food resources), as well as earthworm population dynamics (size and structure) and interactions with predators and other invasive/indigenous species during the invasion progress. Such an earthworm invasion model could provide valuable evaluation of the complicated responses of carbon dynamics to earthworm invasions in a range of forest ecosystems, particularly under global change scenarios.     

Land-Use Change and Carbon Flux Between 1970s and 1990s in Central Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

6 tons C were released to the atmosphere during the period of time covered by our study, equal to approximately 34% of the 1975 vegetation C pool. The Chiapas highlands, while comprising just 0.3% of Mexico's surface area, contributed 3% of the net national C emissions.     

双碳目标下工业园区绿色发展路径研究

工业园区是中国工业产业、人才和先进要素集聚发展的核心单元,也是能源消耗和碳排放最集中的地区之一。双碳(碳达峰和碳中和)目标下,各类工业园区将在双碳战略实践中发挥至关重要的作用。分析了工业园区碳排放特征,构建碳排放识别模型,利用系数法、宏观和微观结合的方法核算工业园区碳排放数据;应用Kaya恒等式、改进可拓展的随机性的环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)、对数平均权重分配模型(LMDI),分析了工业园区碳排放的主要影响因素和低碳发展思路;应用能源环境情景分析模型(LEAP)规划工业园区绿色发展路径,为工业园区碳达峰与碳中和行动提供技术支持。     

碳中和实践进展、实现路径与展望

概述了国内外在碳中和实践与实现路径方面的研究进展,包括能源路径、技术路径、社会路径和政策经济路径。在此基础上,提出了应用实证数据和模型模拟开展碳中和定量评估、通过不同国家碳中和目标的比较和分析来评估全球碳中和能力和成本、加强不同碳中和路径与产业之间的相关性及多路径共同效应研究等建议。     

综放开采采空区煤炭自燃特征及其控制研究

针对7201综放面煤层易自燃、回采过程中存在工作面过断层、工作面面长加大接面等影响正常回采速度的现实条件,在理论分析和实验研究基础上,确定了高温热源的位置,及时采取了优化配备工作面风量、顶板走向长钻孔压注阻化液、设置隔漏风墙、气雾阻化及煤柱预注阻化液等综合防治煤炭自燃措施,有效抑制了工作面采空区煤炭自燃,实现了易自燃煤层综放安全开采。研究结果对类似条件的综放安全开采有现实指导价值。     

化工企业地震次生泄漏事故应急及无害化处理

通过对汶川地震后四川重灾区（成都、德阳、绵阳等地）化工企业的实际调研,积累了一些工程实例,并在此基础上重点介绍了震后化工企业次生泄漏情况及企业所采取的应急及无害化处理措施,针对这些实际情况分析了企业在应急及无害化处理过程中的成功与不足之处,提出了地震次生泄漏控制不足的原因,并针对存在的问题提出了一些泄漏扩散的控制及无害化处理技术,为减少地震化工企业次生灾害所造成的人员伤亡、财产损失及环境污染有重大意义。     

高瓦斯矿井孤岛综放采空区遗煤自燃综合防治技术

针对国阳二矿高瓦斯自燃煤层综放开采的实际情况,分析了"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃特点及危险性。利用单元法对孤岛面的漏风状况进行了实测,并通过数值模拟分析了综放采空区内的漏风流场,根据采空区自燃"三带"的渗流风速确定了可能自燃带的范围,表明采空区漏风是"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃的主要危险因素。在此基础上,结合实际情况系统地制定了以有效控制采空区漏风和重点发火区域注胶为主的综合防灭火技术措施,为有效控制综放采空区遗煤自燃,实现矿井高产高效、安全生产提供技术保障。实践表明,运用控制工作面风量与高抽巷负压、均压堵漏、压注胶体防灭火材料及加快工作面推进速度等综合防灭火技术防治高瓦斯矿井"U+Ⅱ"型孤岛综放面采空区遗煤自燃是可行的。     

原油储罐区可燃气体探测器布置优化方案研究

为有效预警原油储备区储罐气体泄漏,制定气体探测器布置优化方案,以某大型原油站库为例,基于CFD法和FLACS软件模拟原油泄漏及可燃蒸汽云溢散分布,通过分析蒸汽云扩散规律,实现全方位气体探测器优化布置.结果表明:原油储罐区探测器分别布置在区块21-2、6-1、31-1、40-2,且每个罐组总计布置16处;优化设置方案可满...     

城市燃气管道泄漏检测方法探讨与评价

介绍了国内外用于燃气管道泄漏检测与定位的主要技术和方法,分析了各种方法的优缺点,对各种方法进行了比较与评价,并对燃气管道泄漏检测与定位方法的发展趋势做了探讨.     

制冷装置制冷剂检漏技术的研究

讨论了制冷系统制冷剂的检漏方法,制冷系统安装调试过程中使用的制冷剂压力检漏技术、真空检漏技术以及制冷系统正常运行过程中的制冷剂检漏技术,这些技术对制冷装置的操作与调试人员具有重要的参考价值.