Development and application of innovative technologies for drinking water quality assurance in China

The continuously deteriorating quality of source water is threatening the safety of drinking water in China. Various efforts have been made to update water treatment processes to decrease the pollution problems of drinking water, such as protection of drinking water sources, enhancement of conventional treatment processes, and development of new or advanced treatment technologies. This paper reviews a variety of protection and remediation methods for drinking water sources, development and application of drinking water treatment technologies, new technologies for special pollutants removal from groundwater, and the latest research progress on water distribution systems in China.     

水厂常规净化工艺生物处理化可行性的探讨

水厂常规净化处理工艺,存在不能有效地去除有机污染物,以及易生成致突变物的严重缺陷。因此,一般要增加臭氧一生物活性炭设施以处理被污染的原水。本文在分析试验数据的基础上,提出原水经生物塔滤预处理后,再经生物处理设施改造过的常规处理设备处理,最后通过生物活性炭滤池过滤并加氯消毒。即可实现水厂常规净水工艺的生物处理化,将是一种合理而可行的处理系统。     

汽车翼子板零件的成形与工艺分析

通过对汽车翼子板零件投料冲压试验,对零件进行了应变测试分析,评价试验钢板的成形效果,分析了冲压工艺、表面粗糙度和板厚等条件对零件冲压生产的影响,得到翼子板零件的最佳用材方案及冲压工艺条件。     

Degradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water by ozone oxidation

The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated. A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model. With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of BPA (bisphenol A) could be measured up to 70%, 82%, and 90% when the dosages of ozone were 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/L, respectively. The impacts on BPA degradation under the conditions of different ozone dosages, water background values, BPA initial concentrations, and ozone adding time were analyzed. The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation, while the impact of the contact time could be ignored. UV wavelength scanning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced, which could be absorbed at UV254. The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process. Based on the change of UV254, it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage, while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage, high ozone dosage, and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation. The effects of applied H₂O₂ dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study. The O₃-H₂O₂ processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 294–299 [译自: 环境科学]     

啤酒废水的水解——好氧处理技术（H／O工艺）

比较了啤酒废水的几种处理工艺，介绍了水解——好氧（H/O）工艺的特性及其主要设计参数。     

土-岩界面重金属行为的研究进展

随着多环境介质问题研究的深入,重金属在跨介质迁移时产生的界面效应问题倍受人们关注。土－岩界面因其特有的微环境结构和特性,使重金属在该界面的行为过程既部分地表现出与在两侧的环境介质运移过程的动力学特征及机制,又有其独特的特性。有关研究表明自然因素及人为活动等引起的环境参数的变化对土－岩界面的重金属行为有显著影响。今后土－岩界面的重金属行为研究应在目前研究状况的基础上立足于为土壤污染的修复提供技术支撑。     

A planning and decision-making framework for ecological restoration

A broad and objective perspective of ecological and socioenomic knowledge is required to underlie a scientific approach to the problems of terrestrial restoration ecology. Uncertainty associated with limited scientific knowledge highlights the crucial importance of the interaction between science and policy in weighing ecological restoration alternatives in relation to other management options. In this paper, we provide a pragmatic definition for restoration ecology that is suitable for extensive terrestrial applications and present a decision framework to help organize and clarify different phases of the decision process as it is related to ecological restoration. We argue that restoration planning should include a wider spectrum of participants and decisions than have traditionally been employed.     

ENHANCEMENT OF RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS WITH CHANNEL STRUCTURES1

ABSTRACT: Naturally occurring and man-made structures can be used for enhancing the development of riparian zones. Naturally occurring structures are cienagas, beaver dams, and log steps. Man-made structures include large and small channel structures and bank protection devices. All these structures affect streamflow hydraulics and sedimentation and can create a more favorable environment for riparian zone establishment. However, when they are used improperly, they can be destructive to existing riparian zones. Since stream processes are generally slow, long-time spans may pass before the effects of management action, good or bad, become visible. Also, the effects of large dam installations may appear a long distance downstream from the dam. Therefore, investigations must be of a wide scope. Interactions between riparian site, channel, and streamflow may be so complex that an interdisciplinary approach is required.     

Spatial variation of organochlorine pesticides and dissolved organic matter in urban closed lakes

Abstract

Closed lakes located in urban parks act as sinks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which have been used, for decades, as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. The closed lakes from Bucharest, Romania, are periodically managed to prevent eutrophication and accumulation of pollutants. However, it is not known if these practices reduce or enhance the legacy pollution with OCPs. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial variation of OCPs in closed lakes. The total concentration of OCPs in water and sediments ranged between 0.0176 and 37.1?µg/L, and between 122 to 1,890?ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs were compared with the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) in order to evaluate the ecological risks of sediments. The highest potential adverse effects were associated with γ-HCH exposure. Periodical draining and dredging of lakes lead to the resuspension of contaminants, increasing pesticide bioavailability and accumulation in sediments. In addition, we observed that fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) might influence the OCPs cycle. The quantity and character of fluorescent DOM can provide further insight into OCPs degradation. Also, this study may help urban planners to determine the state of urban waters and to find the best solution for water management.     

高级氧化法脱除PVA浆料的清洁生产新工艺研究

为了研究高级氧化法脱除聚乙烯醇(PVA)浆料清洁生产新工艺的可行性,研究了3种高级氧化法UV/H2O2、UV/TiO2、Nafion-Fe2 /H2O2对含PVA溶液的氧化降解,其降解效果依次为:UV/H2O2＞Nafion-Fe2 /H2O2＞UV/TiO2.对于UV/H2O2法,PVA降解速率与H2O2的初始浓度成正相关,且H2O2浓度为2.95 mmol/L时14 min内就能使PVA的去除率达到98%;pH和温度对PVA的氧化降解效果影响不明显.在此基础上,对建立在高级氧化法基础上的退浆新工艺进行了探讨,结果表明,在65℃和75℃下,高级氧化法条件下的纯棉织物PVA退浆率分别达到70.16%和95.65%;该法不仅可以促进PVA从纯棉织物上的脱附,而且可以达到对PVA的较高降解效果,使得所排退浆废水的生化处理难度明显降低.