张掖地区造纸厂废水灌溉区域微型生物调查研究

通过对造纸废水流经灌区不同点进行微型生物监测 ,从微型生物的指示性角度出发 ,来说明造纸废水水质污染状况。通过监测得知 ,废水灌区微型生物共有 3 8种。其中藻类 1 0种 ,原生动物 2 8种。 3 8种微型生物均属多污性、α-中污性或 β-中污性种类 ,说明造纸废水治理效果较差且对灌区农作物及生态污染较严重。如何解决废水污染及灌区对废水的依赖性 ,应引起有关部门的重视。     

Air Quality Monitoring and Management in Lisbon

The environmental decision-making process is related with the interpretation of data both in spatial and temporal dimensions. This paper presents a methodology that integrates the time-space framework of air quality data to infer the temporal pattern and spatial variability that could be interpreted for environmental decision purposes. Variograms that accommodate time and space lags were used for the analysis and proved to be effective. Its environmental meaning, in particular its relationship with traffic patterns is discussed. Data from air quality monitoring stations located in the central part of Lisbon were used in this study. It describes a strategy to identify the type of vehicles responsible for certain pollutant levels, particularly for nitrogen oxides, and discusses the application of new air quality European legislation to the city of Lisbon, Portugal.     

Modelling Tracer Dispersion from Landfills

Several wind tunnel experiments of tracer dispersion from reduced-scale landfill models are presented in this paper. Different experimental set-ups, hot-wire anemometry, particle image velocimetry and tracer concentration measurements were used for the characterisation of flow and dispersion phenomena nearby the models. The main aim of these experiments is to build an extensive experimental data set useful for model validation purposes. To demonstrate the potentiality of the experimental data set, a validation exercise on several mathematical models was performed by means of a statistical technique. The experiments highlighted an increase in pollutant ground level concentrations immediately downwind from the landfill because of induced turbulence and mean flow deflection. This phenomenon turns out to be predominant for the dispersion process. Tests with a different set-up showed an important dependence of the dispersion phenomena from the landfill height and highlighted how complex orographic conditions downwind of the landfill do not affect significantly the dispersion behaviour. Validation exercises were useful for model calibration, improving code reliability, as well as evaluating performances. The Van Ulden model proved to give the most encouraging results.     

钼矿区周边农田土壤中重金属污染状况的分析与评价

对钼矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染情况进行了详细研究.选择该矿区受污染农田土壤样本80个,采用HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸对土壤样品进行处理,运用欧共体参比司推荐的BCR三步连续提取法进行化学形态分析;使用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定土壤样品中Mo、Pb、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni的全量及各种化学形态的含量并进行评价,同时对矿区地下水进行分析;采用spas软件进行数据分析.结果表明,矿山周边农田土壤重金属主要污染物为Cd、Hg并伴有Cr污染;Nemerow综合指数6.81,综合评价结果为该区土壤已受严重污染;Cd与As污染来源基本相同,Cu、Ni、Zn污染来源基本相同,Hg有独立的污染来源;重金属中化学形态分布为残余态>有机结合态>氧化结合态>酸可提取态;重金属Cr及Hg的有效态比例较大,可能会影响农作物的正常生长;矿山周边农田土壤重金属污染的原因可能是污染地下水的浇灌,矿石的开采、运输和大气降尘等过程;有机农药及塑料农用制品的施用过程,自然成土、矿物的伴生及其转化等过程.     

江苏沿江某化工园区有机污染调查与研究

选择沿江某典型化工园区进行有机污染调查分析,分析污染排放特征及其对长江水质影响.为了解工业园区环境污染状况、从源头控制有机毒物等提供科学依据.     

饮用水污染原因调查案例浅析

详细介绍了某饮用水源地水质突发性表现异常的调查过程,包括监测方案的制定,采用生产工艺排查、监测结果分析和试验模拟等方式相结合进行事故原因排查的过程,对于处理同类不明原因致水质污粢具有借鉴作用.     

“十一五”期间重点流域化学需氧量排放及减排潜力分析

根据"十一五"期间七大流域化学需氧量(COD)排放总量、工业COD排放量及生活COD排放量的变化情况对各流域的减排幅度进行了综合评价,根据单位水资源COD负荷、单位工业产值COD排放强度及人均生活COD排放强度对各流域的污染压力进行了综合评价,以七大流域的减排幅度和污染压力为基础分析了各流域COD的减排潜力,并对各流域的重点防控领域和配套减排措施等方面提出了政策建议。     

天津城市污水泵站恶臭气体组分浓度及污染现状

为了解天津城市污水泵站恶臭的污染程度,选取天津市一个典型的城市污水泵站进行为期3天的采样,采集该污水泵站距离污染源强不同距离处的恶臭气体样品,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GS-MS）和分光光度法对采集样品的组分含量进行检测,比较了恶臭排放源点和不同距离处的恶臭组分的浓度特征和污染现状。结果表明,该泵站恶臭污染物质以硫化氢、二氯甲烷和苯系物为主,还有一些烯烃和芳香烃衍生物;恶臭物质的浓度变化范围是n.d.~0.073 7 mg/m³,大部分恶臭物质浓度一般由高至低表现为源点>下风向5 m,源点>背景值,环境空气采样点与恶臭排放源相比,其降幅明显;虽然检测到的恶臭组分较多,但是其浓度与《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB 14554—1993）等标准中规定的排放限值相比,均未超标。     

广州PM2.5污染特征及影响因素分析

对广州市2008—2010年PM_2.5质量浓度、影响因素数据资料进行整理统计,通过定性分析、定量计算以及对各物理量之间的相互作用过程研究,得出PM_2.5质量浓度变化特征和各影响因素之间的关系。结果表明,PM_2.5质量浓度变化呈现夏季和非夏季2种典型的季节性特征,夏季月平均值0.049 mg/m³,主要分布在0.03～0.05 mg/m³,非夏季月均值为0.063 mg/m³,分布于0.05～0.08 mg/m³之间;夏季、非夏季PM_2.5质量浓度超标率(采用美国EPA标准)分别为70.7%、77.8%,质量标准2倍、3倍以上出现的概率都表现出明显的季节性差异;PM_2.5与温度正相关,和其他因素负相关,其中与能见度相关性最大,其次是温度、风速,与降雨量相关性最差,与气压、相对湿度相关系数季节性特征显著。     

连云港蔷薇河非点源污染的调查分析

调查分析蔷薇河非点源废水排放情况,结合相关统计资料,核算出蔷薇河非点源废水污染物的排放量。结论表明,农田回归水污染是蔷薇河水体非点源污染的主要因素。