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491.
香港消防性能化设计的简略介绍 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了香港在消防工种领域性能化设计的应用和发展。简单地阐述了国际上的消防工程性能化设计的发展。概述目前的性能化设计现状并给出经验总结。 相似文献
492.
Richard J. Vogl 《Environmental management》1979,3(1):51-57
Fire management of grasslands is best executed based on an understanding of the fundamental properties of grassland components, structures, and environments, and the nature of fire behavior in grassland fuels. The art of controlled burning combines experience, practicality, empirical knowledge, and sensitivity, with the effects of fire, the role of fire (particularly under natural conditions), inherent climatic conditions, and sound ecological management objectives. Some of the properties, effects, roles, conditions, experiences, and objectives of grassland burning are presented. 相似文献
493.
In several species of ants, queens often form temporary cooperative associations during colony foundation. These associations
end soon after the eclosion of the first workers with the death or expulsion of all but one of the queens. This study examined
competition between foundress queens of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Although attacks by the workers contributed to queen mortality, queens gained no advantage by producing more workers than
their co-foundresses. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that the queen producing
more workers during colony founding was no more likely to survive than the less productive queen. In experimentally manipulated
colonies in which all the workers were daughters of only one of the queens, the mother of the workers was no more likely to
survive than the unrelated queen. Queens producing diploid males reared fewer offspring but were as likely to survive as queens
producing only workers. These results suggest that workers do not discriminate between related and unrelated queens within
colonies. Aggressive encounters between queens were common. Queens were more likely to die or be expelled if paired with heavier
queens or if they lost more weight than their co-foundress during the claustral period. Finally, when queens were separated
by screens through which workers could pass, the workers usually attacked and killed the queen farther from the brood. These
results suggest that queen survival is promoted by a high fighting ability relative to co-foundresses, rather than by increased
worker production, and that workers respond to queen differences that are independent of kinship.
Received: 8 September 1995/Accepted after revision: 5 March 1996 相似文献
494.
Philip D. Gardner Hanna J. Cortner Keith F. Widaman Kathryn J. Stenberg 《Environmental management》1985,9(4):303-311
The formulation and implementation of new fire policies in the national forests depend upon public acceptance. A national survey of organized groups of forest users indicates that, contrary to the concern of many forest managers, considerable support exists for flexible fire suppression policies. Forest users are also willing to accept the risk associated with the manager's use of prescribed fire. However, important intergroup differences do exist. Such variation is discussed in relation to a number of socioeconomic variables, general fire knowledge, specific knowledge about the effects of low-intensity fires, and risk preference levels. 相似文献
495.
This paper describes the development and implementation ofPREPLAN, A Pristine Environment Planning Language and Simulator, for two conservation areas in Australia, Kosciusko National Park (New South Wales) and Tutanning Nature Reserve (Western Australia).PREPLAN was derived from the North American gradient modeling systems and theForest Planning Language and Simulator (FORPLAN), but includes unique characteristics not previously available.PREPLAN includes an integrated resource management data base, modules for predicting site-specific vegetation, fuels, animals, fire behavior, and fire effects, and an English language instruction set.PREPLAN was developed specifically to provide available information and understanding of ecosystems to managers in a readily accessible and usable form, and to provide the motivation to conduct additional required research projects. An evaluation of the system's advantages and limitations is presented, and the way the utilization of such systems is improving natural area decision making throughout Australia is discussed. 相似文献
496.
497.
地震次生火灾对人类的危害极大.本文在对以往历史数据的统计基础上,模拟出城市每10万平方米建筑地震次生火灾发生件数与地震地面加速度峰值的关系,并由此计算了地震后火灾发生的件数. 相似文献
498.
499.
高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价方法 总被引:26,自引:7,他引:26
火灾风险评价是减小和控制高层建筑火灾的基本手段。目前 ,高层建筑火灾风险的评价方法很多 ,但是很少有将概率方法与模糊评价方法相结合进行火灾风险评价的。笔者基于对高层建筑火灾风险因素的综合分析 ,建立了高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价模型 ,并以具体的工程实例 ,论述了该数学模型在高层建筑火灾风险评价中的应用 ,目的在于为高层建筑火灾风险评价方法的研究提供一种新的尝试 ,为采取合理的火灾防治技术措施在理论上、方法上提供有益的指导。 相似文献
500.
消防工程教育与课程体系探讨 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
在探讨消防工程科学研究领域的基础上 ,对消防工程教育目标及消防工程与其他学科的关系、消防工程师的基本职业技能以及消防工程学的课程体系进行了论述 ,并提出了新世纪里消防工程学进一步发展所面临的挑战。消防工程的科学研究领域主要包括火灾物理、火灾化学、建筑结构火灾特性、人与火灾的相互影响、火灾风险分析以及消防设计与管理等方面。消防工程教育的目标在于培养能够解决消防安全问题的工程师。能够进行火灾危险性分析、具备消防系统设计计算能力以及能够进行火灾风险综合分析是消防工程师的三大基本职业技能。由于消防问题的复杂性与跨学科性 ,消防工程作为一门新兴的交叉性学科 ,其发展和完善需要建立以科学原理和研究理论为基础的知识体系。 相似文献