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81.
Christiane Schrenk Christian E. W. Steinberg 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(2):83-88
The metabolism of phenanthrene was studied both in cell suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and soybean (Glycine max), and in intact plants of the water mossFontinalis antipyretica. Metabolism in cell suspension cultures strongly differed between the monocotyle and the dicotyle plant. Only small amounts
oftrans-phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiole and phenanthrene-9,10-dione were detectable in the wheat culture. Soybean cultures, in contrast
demonstrated a strong turnover resulting in a 75% reduction of the initial phenanthrene concentration. Metabolites were phenanthrene-9,10-dione,
not further characterized polar metabolites and bound residues. Intact plants ofFontinalis antipyretica metabolized only small amounts of phenanthrene. Data obtained from cell cultures did not provide information for the metabolic
potential in intact plants. Therefore standardized tests with model systems like suspension cultures lead to inadequate assessment
of the ecological risk of certain xenobiotics. 相似文献
82.
83.
Bo Zhang Hoi Dick Ng John H.S. Lee 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1293-1299
For the explosion safety assessment in industrial setting, detonation dynamic parameters provide important information on the sensitivity and conditions whereby detonations can be favorably occurred. In this study, new measurement of the critical tube diameter and the critical energy for direct initiation of a detonation is reported for a number of hydrocarbon–oxygen mixtures. The simultaneous experimental measurement carried out in this work allows the investigation of the direct scaling between these two dynamic parameter quantities of gaseous detonations. Using the new set of data, this paper also assesses the validity of an existing semi-empirical initiation model, namely, the surface energy model by Lee, and a simplified work done model. Both phenomenological models provide a general relationship between the two dynamic detonation parameters and comparison shows a good agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental measurement. The scaling of critical tube diameter with detonation cell size in this study also confirms the results in the previous literature. 相似文献
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This paper represents the analysis of 1916 routine amniotic fluid specimens harvested by an in situ fixation technique in a prospective study with regard to cultural chromosome anomalies. Excluding constitutional abnormalities, 2·9 per cent of 19432 cells analysed showed some form of chromosome anomaly, terminal deletions (57 percent) and chromatid/chromosome breaks and gaps (18 per cent) being the most frequent, followed by interchange aberrations (13 per cent) and trisomy (5 per cent). No case was found of more than one colony from the same culture showing the same anomaly without it being present in other cultures from the same fluid. The wholly abnormal colonies had a surplus of trisomies and from the mathematical considerations presented one may infer that these are likely to reflect the presence of abnormal cells in the amniotic fluid. Partly abnormal colonies appeared at a frequency that would correspond to virtual absence of selection against chromosomally abnormal cells when cultured in vitro. The aberrations found were similar to those seen as single cell anomalies, except for chromatid breaks and exchanges. The data suggest a basic preferential induction of trisomy for chromosomes 2,18,21, and the Y-chromosome. Structural aberrations showed a marked clustering of breakpoints around the centromeres. The frequency of mutant cells was low (1·4 × 10−3) before culture was initiated. At harvest, the frequency of abnormal cells was much higher (3 × 10−2) corresponding to 3 × 10−3 mutations per cell per generation accumulating over approximately ten generations in vitro. 相似文献
86.
Yi Liu Cuixia Zhao Xiangyun Zhao Huili Liu Yibin Wang Yuguo Du Dongbin Wei 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):180-188
A novel N,N-dithenoyl-rhodamine based fluorescent and colorimetric Fe3+probe 1 was designed and synthesized by only one step from Rhodamine B hydrazide and 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride.The structure of probe 1 was characterized by ~1 H NMR/~(13)C NMR spectroscopy,IR spectroscopy,and HRMS spectrometry.Accompanying with significant changes in visual color and fluorescent spectrum,probe 1 displayed good sensitivity for Fe~(3+)with an abroad pH span.The detection limit(3.76 μmol/L,0.2 mg/L) for Fe~(3+)was lower than WHO recommended value(0.3 mg/L) for drinking water.Using two thiophene carbonyl groups as coordinating functional recognition group,probe 1 showed excellent selectivity towards Fe3+over diverse coexistent metal ions and anions.The sensing mechanism between dithenoyl-substituted probe 1 and Fe~(3+)was further confirmed by ~1 H NMR and IR titration experiments,binding constants study,and Job's plot analysis.Furthermore,probe 1 also exhibited good cell membrane permeability and could be used as an efficient Fe~(3+) probe in living human cells. 相似文献
87.
Becker MW Collins SA Metge DW Harvey RW Shapiro AM 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2004,69(3-4):195-213
The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates. 相似文献
88.
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90.
Christian Sens Petra Scheidemann Andreas Klunk Dietrich Werner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(4):202-208
14C-TNT was used to quantify the uptake rate and metabolic turnover of TNT inPhaseolus vulgaris. Seventeen plants were analysed by a special cell fractionation method with polar and nonpolar solvents and enzymes. We obtained
three cytoplasmic fractions and five cell wall derived fractions. The recovery rate was 72% as measured by liquid scintillation
counting.14C partitioned almost in equal amounts with approximately 50% in the cytoplasm and in the cell wall. The majority of the TNT-metabolites
are present in the cytoplasm as was shown by GC/ ECD and thin layer chromatography. The14C in the cell wall is bound probably resulting in long-term immobilisation of these metabolites. We conclude that plants may
also be a model for nitroaromatic turnover and immobilisation in soil components. 相似文献