催化动力学光度法测定痕量铈

根据前量铈在稀硫酸介质中对重铬酸根氧化ＥＤＴＡ而褪色的反应有催化作用，建立了测定痕量铈的新动力学光度法，测定范围为０￣２．４×１０＾－２μｇ／ｍＬ，检限限为５．２×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍＬ，用于测定人发中的痕量铈，结果满意。     

水系沉积物中痕量铈、铅快速同时测定的荧光分析法研究

在研究氯化钾介质中铈(Ⅲ)、铅(Ⅱ)的荧光性质基础上,提出了快速测定铈、铅的荧光分析法。在实验条件下,用262．5nm紫外光激发,以120nm／min扫描300～520nm的发射光谱。其在352．4nm处峰高与2．0×10－8～2．0×10－6mol／LCe3－,在485．0nm处峰高与4．0×10－7～1．0×10－5mol／LPb2－,存在线性关系。该法用于标准水系沉积物分析,结果与标准值无显著性差异。Ce￣(3＋)和Pb￣(2＋)的检出限分别为1．5×10－8和2．0×10－7mol／L。      

二级SBR系统处理染料废水长期运行的稳定性

考察了处理染料废水的二级SBR系统在连续运行120个周期过程中的稳定性.系统的运行先后经历了低染料浓度和高染料浓度2种情况.试验发现在长期运行过程中,二级SBR系统对进水水质及操作条件具有良好的适应性;能够有效去除废水中的污染物,对染料的平均去除率为81%～92.5%,对COD的平均去除率为89.4%～93.1%;出水水质比较稳定.在二级SBR系统中,厌氧污泥活性高,降解污染物能力强;好氧活性污泥形成团簇状结构,有利于稳定出水水质.     

Effect of SiO2 addition on NH4HSO4 decomposition and SO2 poisoning over V2O5–MoO3/TiO2–CeO2 catalyst

The deposition of NH₄HSO₄ and the poisoning effect of SO₂ on SCR catalyst are the main obstacles that restrict the industrial application of CeO₂-doped SCR catalysts. In this work, deposited NH₄HSO₄ decomposition behavior and SO₂ poisoning over V₂O₅–MoO₃/TiO₂ catalysts modified with CeO₂ and SiO₂ were investigated. By the means of characterization analysis, it was found that the addition of SiO₂ into VMo/Ti–Ce had an impact on the interaction existed between catalyst surface atoms and NH₄HSO₄. Temperature-programmed methods and in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments indicated that the doping of SiO₂ promoted the decomposition of deposited NH₄HSO₄ on VMo/Ti–Ce catalyst surface by reducing the thermal stability of NH₄HSO₄ and enhancing the NH₄HSO₄ reactivity with NO in low temperature. And this improvement may be the reason for the better catalytic activity than VMo/Ti–Ce in the case of NH₄HSO₄ deposition. Accompanied with cerium sulfate species generated over catalyst surface, the conversion of SO₂ to SO₃ was inhibited in SiCe mixed catalyst. The addition of SiO₂ could promote the decomposition of cerium sulfate, which may be a potential strategy to enhance the resistance of SO₂ poisoning over CeO₂-modifed catalysts.     

Inhibition of bromate formation by reduced graphene oxide supported cerium dioxide during ozonation of bromide-containing water

GO or RGO promotes bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing water. CeO₂/RGO significantly inhibits bromate formation compared to RGO during ozonation. CeO₂/RGO shows an enhancement on DEET degradation efficiency during ozonation. Ozone (O₃) is widely used in drinking water disinfection and wastewater treatment. However, when applied to bromide-containing water, ozone induces the formation of bromate, which is carcinogenic. Our previous study found that graphene oxide (GO) can enhance the degradation efficiency of micropollutants during ozonation. However, in this study, GO was found to promote bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing waters, with bromate yields from the O₃/GO process more than twice those obtained using ozone alone. The promoted bromate formation was attributed to increased hydroxyl radical production, as confirmed by the significant reduction (almost 75%) in bromate yield after adding t-butanol (TBA). Cerium oxide (less than 5 mg/L) supported on reduced GO (xCeO₂/RGO) significantly inhibited bromate formation during ozonation compared with reduced GO alone, and the optimal Ce atomic percentage (x) was determined to be 0.36%, achieving an inhibition rate of approximately 73%. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated the transformation of GO into RGO after hydrothermal treatment, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that CeO₂ nanoparticles were well dispersed on the RGO surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra results demonstrated that the Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio in xCeO₂/RGO was almost 3‒4 times higher than that in pure CeO₂, which might be attributed to the charge transfer effect from GO to CeO₂. Furthermore, Ce³⁺ on the xCeO₂/RGO surface could quench Br⋅ and BrO⋅ to further inhibit bromate formation. Meanwhile, 0.36CeO₂/RGO could also enhance the degradation efficiency of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in synthetic and reclaimed water during ozonation.     

Addressing criticality for rare earth elements in petroleum refining: The key supply factors approach

The group of elements known as the rare earth elements (REEs) is comprised of the 15 lanthanides. REEs are used in a number of technologies including catalysts for automobiles and petroleum refining, magnets for wind turbines and defense technologies, and phosphors in lighting and computer and TV screens. REEs are actually quite abundant in the earth′s crust. The elements are deemed “rare” because they are found in low concentrations and are difficult to extract economically. China holds 48% of the global REE reserves, and until 2012, production of REEs was almost exclusive to China. Over the past decade, China has been steadily decreasing its REE export quotas, reducing the supply of REEs available to the rest of the world. REEs are considered critical materials according to the National Science and Technology Council, which defines critical elements as those serving an essential function in the manufacture of a product, the absence of which would cause significant social consequence. Thus, it is extremely important for consumers of REEs to be aware of and understand the risks facing the supply REEs, as awareness is the first and most important step in developing strategies to mitigate risk. This report presents a mechanism for identifying the risks present in a supply–demand scenario and determining the criticality of an individual rare earth element under specific circumstances.     

单分子层二氧化铈脱硫机理研究

单分子层二氧化铈可用于烟气中二氧化硫的脱除，文章研究了单分子层二氧化铈的硫化反应动力学。结果表明：硫化反应速率很高，且在反应初期基本保持不变；硫化增重在呈线性急剧诱惑 高后，逐渐趋于平稳，最后反应速率趋近为零。硫化反应处于扩散控制区，温度对反应速率影响很小，而二氧化硫的浓度对反应速率影响很大，还得到了硫化反应动力学方程。     

松针炭载铈材料对罗丹明B的吸附性能研究

在氮气氛围下热解制备松针炭,采用浸渍法将硝酸铈负载到松针炭上,在300℃氛围中焙烧2 h,制得铈改性松针炭。用罗丹明B溶液模拟染料废水,分别研究松针炭和铈改性松针炭对罗丹明B的吸附效果。实验表明:加热温度为300℃、升温速率为10℃/min、加热时间为2 h时,制备的松针炭对罗丹明B的去除率为68.8%;浸渍浓度为0.02 mol/L、焙烧温度为300℃时制备的Ce/PC复合材料对罗丹明B的去除率为81.6%。松针炭经铈改性后,吸附性能大幅提高。     

玻璃纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/次磷酸铈复合材料的制备及其阻燃性能研究

首先合成并表征了一种新的阻燃剂-次磷酸铈（CHP）;然后采用熔融共混的方法制备了玻璃纤维（GF）增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）/CHP（PET/GF/CHP）复合材料;探讨了CHP对PET/GF复合材料热稳定性和燃烧性能的影响。材料的热稳定性是由热失重分析（TGA）进行表征的,燃烧性能是通过氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）以及锥形量热仪进行测试的,炭渣形貌由扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。结果表明：CHP的引入保持了PET/GF的热稳定性。含有15wt%CHP的PET/GF材料（PET/GF/CHP15）,其LOI为30%,且能达到UL-94V-0级别。此外,与PET/GF相比,PET/GF/CHP15热释放速率峰值和热释放总量分别下降了67%和27%。SEM分析表明CHP的加入使得材料在燃烧后有大量致密的炭渣覆盖在玻璃纤维的表面,这些炭渣不仅降低了玻璃纤维的导热性,而且切断了可燃物质的传送通道,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

Ti-Ce系列催化剂上乙酸的催化湿式氧化反应

采用Ti-Ce系列湿式氧化催化剂,研究模型反应物乙酸在催化湿式氧化反应中的动力学影响因素以及反应过程产物.结果表明,乙酸的催化湿式氧化受到催化剂用量、反应温度、反应体系酸度以及氧分压的影响较大.当反应温度230℃,氧分压2～2.5MPa,催化剂量5g/L,反应液初始pH3.0时,反应1h后即可使乙酸浓度(以COD计)去除率在90%以上.通过离子色谱,检测了反应过程中的甲酸中间体,结果表明,催化剂的存在不仅加速了湿式氧化反应速率,而且也改变了反应历程.