紫球藻的载体培养研究

通过对紫球藻的载体培养进行的较详细研究，获得了适合于紫球藻培养的理想载体；采用载体培养条件的优化和流加营养物质、通气培养以及半连续培养等培养手段，显著提高了紫球藻细胞的质量浓度（ρｍａｘ ＝５．５２ ｇ Ｌ－ １） ． 实验结果表明，利用载体法培养紫球藻不仅能有效地实现高密度培养，易于实现该微藻的连续或半连续培养，而且为细胞的采收带来了很大的方便     

液液萃取新技术在贵金属分离中的应用

从萃取体系的新方法方面阐述了近年液液萃取研究中值得注意的一些新进展，及其在贵金属分离中的应用和进展。     

电喷雾器的性能研究

在喷嘴前设置感应环,并在喷嘴与感应环间施加电压,能够获得带电水雾。而水雾带电量的大小与感应环施加电压呈线性关系,与喷嘴距感应环距离呈抛物线关系。带电水雾比普通水雾净化效率高近20％,且带电水雾对微细粉尘的捕集效率提高。     

Magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp.: Role of cationic polymer binder

Cationic polyelectrolyte promoted effective attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto microalgal cells through electrostatic attraction. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and chitosan (ChiL), both are cationic polymer, are feasible to act as binding agent to promote rapid magnetophoretic separation of Chlorella sp. through low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS) with field gradient ▿B less than 80 T/m in real time. Cell separation efficiency up to 98% for the case of PDDA and 99% for the case of ChiL can be achieved in 6 min when 3 × 10⁷ cells/mL Chlorella sp. are exposed to 300 mg/L surface functionalized-IONPs (SF-IONPs). Different polyelectrolytes do not give significant effect on cell separation efficiency as long as the particle attachment occurred. However, the PDDA is more preferable as the binder for all type of microalgae medium than the chitosan (ChiL) since it is not pH dependent. SF-IONPs coated with PDDA guarantee the cell separation performance for all pH range of cell medium, with 98.21 ± 0.40% at pH 8.84. On the other hand, the ChiL performance will be affected by the cell medium pH, with only 22.93 ± 31.03% biomass recovery at pH 9.25.     

烟花爆竹工程外部最小允许距离分析

外部最小允许距离是《烟花爆竹工程设计安全规范》(GB 50161)中的一个很重要的术语和参数,在烟花爆竹工程设计、验收和安全评价等活动中处于十分重要的地位。解释了标准中外部最小允许距离的定义内涵和外延,强调了最小允许距离的承载主体是危险品生产区厂房、危险品总仓库区仓库等1.1级、1.3级建构筑物,分析了确定最小允许距离的理论依据和前提条件,为标准使用者理解和应用外部最小允许距离术语提供了全面和深入分析。针对目前参数使用中的实际问题,提出了标准修订建议。     

不同填料UAFB-ANAMMOX反应器的脱氮效能

由于厌氧氨氧化菌增殖速率缓慢,对环境因素敏感,导致反应器启动时间长且运行不稳定. 以人工配水为研究对象,采用UAFB(升流式厌氧固定床)反应器,分别填充组合填料、聚氨酯泡绵和立体弹性纤维作为生物载体,对各载体的挂膜特征及厌氧氨氧化的实现与稳定特性进行了研究. 结果表明:与聚氨酯泡绵和立体弹性纤维相比,组合填料在快速启动反应器及运行稳定性上有较大优势,反应器启动时间为42d,稳定运行后期NH₄+-N及NO₂--N的去除率均达到90%以上,最大TN去除负荷(以N计)为1.239kg/(m3·d);并且组合填料挂膜效果较好,生物膜跟载体结合较紧密. 以聚氨酯泡绵为载体的反应器启动时间(66d)长,挂膜效果较差,膜易脱落;稳定运行后期NH₄+-N及NO₂--N的去除率分别大于90%与95%,最大TN去除负荷为1.268kg/(m3·d). 以立体弹性纤维为载体的反应器对ρ(DO)和ρ(基质)及水力冲击等环境因素较为敏感,运行效果不稳定,最大TN去除负荷仅为0.724kg/(m3·d).      

Charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration membrane embracing dissociated functional groups

The current work focused on the investigation of charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration （NF） membrane embracing dissociated functional groups under different electrolyte solutions. The electro-kinetic method was carried out to assess the membrane volume charge density （X） with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mol. m-3 and different electrolyte species, such as type 1-1, type 2-1 and type 3-1. The Donnan steric pore model-dielectric exclusion （DSPM- DE） model was employed to evaluate the separation characteristics of the NF membrane for wide range of electrolyte concentration （from 25.7 to 598.9mol·m^-3）. The results indicated that the dissociation of the hydro- philic functional groups and the specific adsorption contributed to charge formation on membrane surface. The former played a dominant role in type 1-1 and type 2-1 electrolytes at dilute aqueous solutions （0.1-0.5 mol · m^3）. However, for type 3-1 electrolyte, specific adsorp- tion should contribute to the charge effect to a large extent. Moreover, the correlation between the volume charge density and feed concentration was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, it was found that the separation characteristic of NF membrane could be evaluated well by DSPM-DE model coupling with electro-kinetic method in a whole concentration range.     

横截面形状对旋风分离器性能影响的数值模拟

采用CFD商业计算软件FLUENT对横截面形状影响旋风分离器性能的情况进行了数值模拟。模拟中,气相采用雷诺应力湍流模型RSM封闭N-S方程,固相采用基于Euler-Lagrange方法的离散相模型DPM。通过对旋风分离器圆形、八边形、七边形、六边形、五边形、四边形横截面形状的比较,模拟并分析了分离器两个主要性能分离效率和压力损失的变化规律,提出了横截面为八边形的分离器的相对优势,可用于传统旋风分离器结构型式的设计和优化。     

一体化A/O工艺处理生活污水的研究

采用A/O生物接触氧化法处理生活污水,考查了系统的挂膜启动以及水力停留时间(HRT)、进水pH值和进水COD浓度对系统去除有机物及脱氮效果的影响。结果表明:15 d左右挂膜成功;HRT=13 h,COD去除率和氨氮去除率可分别达到96.72%、85.43%;系统具有较好的抗冲击负荷能力,COD去除率最低在70%左右,氨氮去除率均大于65%,最佳的进水COD质量浓度应控制在300~500mg/L;pH值变化对氨氮去除率的影响更加明显,pH值在7~8时,COD去除率大于90%,氨氮去除率达68%~80%。     

教研楼火灾逃生疏散最优通风方式数值试验研究

高校教研楼潜在火灾源与高密度人流共存,火灾逃生疏散是保障灾后人身安全的重要环节。为探索火灾逃生疏散最优逃生条件,应用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT,数值分析防火分隔导致多种通风方式的起火分区温度、烟气场分布规律,研究火场逃生疏散的最优通风方式。结果表明,火灾初期开启防火分隔设施更有利于人员逃生疏散;关闭防火分隔设施条件下,防排烟系统开启略优于关闭;研究背景条件下,开启防火分隔为逃生疏散最优方案;火灾后关闭防火分隔设施可以控制火灾蔓延,降低财产损失,但应在确保人员安全疏散后进行。