Assessment of the chemical components of Famenin groundwater,western Iran

The Faminin area in the semi-arid Hamadan state, western Iran is facing a serious deficiency in groundwater resources due to an increasing demand associated with rapid population growth and agricultural development. The chemical composition of 78 well samples throughout the Faminin area was determined with the aim of evaluating the concentration of the background ions and identifying the major hydrogeochemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry. The similarity between rock and groundwater chemistries in the recharge area indicates a significant rock-water interaction. The hydrochemical types Na–HCO₃ and Na–SO₄ are the predominate forms in the groundwater, followed by water types Ca–HCO₃ and Na–Cl. The high values of electrical conductivity and high concentrations of Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ in the groundwater appeared to be caused by the dissolution of mineral phases and would appeared to be caused by anthropogenic activities, such as intense agricultural practices (application of fertilizers, irrigation practice), urban and industrial waste discharge, among others.     

Chemical pollution monitoring of the River Pinios (Thessalia--Greece)

The impact of human activities and environmental factors on the fluctuation of chemical and physicochemical parameters along the Pinios River and its tributaries was studied. Their seasonal variations throughout the years 1996-1998 are also presented. Most of the parameters (physical or chemical) measured in this survey exhibited high spatial and temporal variability. High temperatures during the warm period, attributed both to meteorological conditions and to the geographical relief of Thessalia plain, cause a restriction of the water flow, an accumulation of organic matter and the depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the water. Conductivity and hardness are high during the warm and wet period for different reasons. At the seaward part of the river high conductivity and hardness values indicate extended admixture of seawater. COD values fluctuated seasonally. Among the studied stations along the Pinios River the most polluted was the area where the river has passed the city of Larissa.     

Accuracy and traceability concepts applied to environmental speciation analysis

Traceability issues are of increasing concern in all fields where chemical measurements form the basis for decisions. The concepts of accuracy and traceability as applied to environmental analysis are, however, still prone to misunderstandings, which has been recently illustrated by controversial discussions among the analytical community with respect to accuracy and traceability issues in the area of speciation analysis. Analytical techniques used for the determination of chemical species (speciation analysis) are generally based on a succession of steps (e.g. extraction derivatisation, separation, detection) which are all prone to various sources of systematic errors. Many speciation measurement techniques have been studied within the last decade through interlaboratory studies and certification of reference materials. These collaborative efforts have been understood as being directed towards strive for accuracy (trueness and precision). It has been recognised recently that the achievements actually enabled mostly to establish reference points (e.g. certified values in reference materials) which does not necessarily correspond to 'true values' but rather offer a mean for laboratories to compare their data internationally and, hence, achieve traceability. This ambiguity still generates confusion and misunderstandings among the scientific community. This communication discusses this issue, focusing on analytical measurements only. Extending discussions on general traceability issues would imply an examination of steps prior to laboratory work (sampling, storage, etc.) which is beyond the scope of this contribution.     

防化服结构和缝制工艺优化设计研究

本文研究了防化服的设计原则,对我国某型防化服装进行了分析,在腰部、袖型、膝部的结构上进行改进,使服装更趋合理、人性化,更便于作业活动。针对防化服影响防护效果的缝制工艺参数,利用二次通用旋转实验设计,变化机针针号、线迹密度及缝纫线细度三个因素五个水平;针对“三防”面料进行防油、防水、防静电测试,得到防护性能与缝制工艺参数之间的回归方程,并绘出等值曲线图,进一步分析了缝制工艺对面料防油、防水、防静电性能的影响,通过Borda数找出最优缝制工艺参数,并将应用到防化服的加工制作中。     

印制电路板生产中油墨废水处理技术研究

油墨废水占印制电路板生产废水总排水量的5％左右,是一种高浓度的有机废水,CODCr质量浓度达15000mg／L。一种可行的、有效的去除油墨废水中的有机成份的方法对印制电路板生产废水总体的CODCr达标至关重要、在此探讨了光助Fenton（UV—Fenton）法中m（FeSO4·7H2O）：m（H2O2）配比、pH值、反应温度和紫外光光照时间等因素对油墨废水处理CODCr效果的影响,并进行了光助Fenton法和酸化凝聚法处理油墨废水CODCr的实验比较。     

陕北能源化工基地建立生态工业园模式选择及两种模式构建流程

生态工业园的建设主要有4种模式。通过比较各个模式的特点,针对陕北能源化工基地现状,提出基地建立生态工业园应选择改造重构与产业共生两种模式：绘制流程图,对两种模式的构建流程进行研究。     

纳米二氧化钛/针铁矿的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料制备纳米级二氧化钛,将其负栽于采用化学沉淀法以九水硝酸铁为原料制备的针铁矿上,对复合材料进行透射电镜分析,确定了制备的最佳影响因素,将2种溶胶进行复合提膜,研究其光催化效率.     

短暂交替曝气方式在PSB法处理高浓度苯胺废水中的应用研究

为了降低高动力消耗,探讨不同时间不同方式的曝气处理对光合细菌处理苯胺废水效果的影响,利用酸化-PSB-活性污泥法工艺处理高浓度毒性苯胺废水,在24 h的停留时间下,比较PSB阶段不同曝气时间对苯胺废水处理效果的差异.结果表明:不同时间的曝气处理对光合细菌处理苯胺废水的效果存在差异.曝气时间为2 h的反应器处理效果最佳,COD去除率达96.1%,苯胺去除率达97%,同时,相邻周期交替采用1.2 h曝气处理,废水COD去除率可提高20%以上,苯胺去除率提高了10.9%～14.2%.     

差压法测试生化需氧量的校验方法及过程

介绍了在用差压法测试生化需氧量的校验过程中所需的技术要求、校验条件、校验项目,并通过测试数据阐述了效验过程,计算结果显示：比对结果通过校验方法要求。     

硼化工企业环境污染与防治对策剖析

硼化工企业由于其产生含硼酸等偏酸性污水和显酸性的废渣,对厂区周边的植被和农田的土壤等形成污染,其结果使生态环境难以恢复。通过文献调研、现场考察、专家讨论,结合环境监测部门的现场土壤等采样并对该行业污染成因进行了分析,结果表明该类污水对环境污染的严重性,并提出对该污染的防治对策,采用提出的治理工艺在污染现场对土壤实施修复使污染土地得到恢复。