溢油分散剂产品性能的评估

溢油分散剂是处理海上溢油的重要手段之一 ,产品性能直接关系到实际处理效果 ,其毒性也是人们一直关心的问题。中国海事部门规定 ,分散剂产品必须经过形式认可试验 ,才能在港口、码头和船舶上处理溢油。根据溢油分散剂产品性能的检测结果 ,对产品外观、pH值、燃点、运动粘度、乳化率 (30s ,10min)、鱼类急性毒性和可生物降解性等性能指标进行了评估。对加强溢油分散剂的使用、管理和监督检验具有一定的意义。     

Effective advocacy: the psychological mechanisms of environmental issue framing

ABSTRACT

While environmental issues are among the most serious threats to human security, they tend to rank toward the bottom of Americans’ priorities for political action. To redress this, environmental organizations strategically frame their mobilization communications in an attempt to garner the public’s support. Advocacy research groups encourage the use of motivational, economic and personal frames because of their ability to mobilize support through distinct psychological processes: efficacy, psychological proximity and emotion. An experimental study is conducted that tests the extent to which these mechanisms mediate environmental frames’ effects on support for an environmental campaign. Results of this study lead to the conclusion that motivational frames are unable to elicit efficacy in the target audience, thus proving ineffectual at influencing attitudes or behaviors. Economic and personal frames are more successful, aligning the audience’s attitudes with the message and operating through psychological proximity, sadness and anger to induce behavioral support for the environmental campaign.     

Metal Contamination of Sediments and Soils of Bayou Saint John: A Potential Health Impact to Local Fishermen?

This research examines the pattern of sediment contamination of an urban bayou of New Orleans (formerly a natural waterway) and the potential for human exposure from consumption of fish caught in the bayou. Sediments and soils of Bayou Saint John were evaluated for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). Sediment cores were collected at bridges (n = 130) and sites between the bridges (n = 303) of the bayou. In addition, soil samples (n = 66) were collected along the banks of the bayou. Sediments below the bridges contain significantly more (p-value approximately 10(-7)) Pb and Zn (medians of 241 and 230 mg kg(-1), respectively) than bayou sediments located between bridges (medians of 64 and 77 mg kg(-1), respectively). Sediments below bridges of the upper reaches of the bayou contain significantly larger amounts of metals (p < 10(-14) for Pb and Zn and p approximately 10(-8) for Cd) (medians of 329, 383 and 1.5, respectively) than sediments below bridges in the lower reaches of the bayou (medians of 43, 31 and 0.5 for Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively). Likewise, medians for sediments located between bridges contain significantly (p < 10(-14)) higher quantities of Pb, Zn and Cd (170, 203 and 1.8 mg kg(-1), respectively) in the upper bayou than Pb, Zn, and Cd (48, 32, and 0.8 mg kg(-1), respectively) in the lower reaches of the bayou. The potential risk for human exposure may be magnified by the fact that fishing generally occurs from the numerous bridges that cross the bayou. Poor and minority people do most of the fishing. Most people (87%) indicated they ate fish they caught from the Bayou.     

微塑料颗粒对虹鳟免疫基因表达的影响

微塑料在海洋中分布广泛,鱼类是否会受到影响及受影响的程度暂并不明确.本文通过实验室产生2×105MP·L-1浓度的微塑料水体,研究当虹鳟暴露在含有不同粒径微塑料颗粒(0.2、1、20、40和90μm)的水体中2 h后,微塑料颗粒在鱼鳃的附着及其鳃组织免疫基因表达的变化特征.结果表明,微塑料颗粒会附着在虹鳟的鳃上,且在从内到外不同鳃片上均有分布,附着程度与微塑料颗粒的粒径大小有关.暴露2 h后虹鳟鳃组织上的部分免疫基因的表达发生变化,包括IFN-γ上调及IL-1β、S100A1和SAA的下调.本文通过对免疫基因表达变化的研究表明,水体中的微塑料颗粒会附着在虹鳟的鳃上,且会导致虹鳟出现免疫反应,论文成果可为相关领域的研究提供基础数据.     

ADDITION OF SPURS TO STONE TOE PROTECTION FOR WARMWATER FISH HABITAT REHABILITATION1

ABSTRACT: Longitudinal stone toe is one of the most reliable and economically attractive approaches for stabilizing eroding banks in incised channels. However, aquatic habitat provided by stone toe is inferior to that provided by spur dikes. In order to test a design that combined features of stone toe and spurs, eleven stone spurs were placed perpendicular to 170 m of existing stone toe in Goodwin Creek, Mississippi, and willow posts were planted in the sandbar on the opposite bank. Response was evaluated by monitoring fish and habitats in the treated reach and an adjacent comparison reach (willow post planting and standard toe without spurs) for four years. Furthermore, physical habitats within the treated reach were compared with seven reaches protected with standard toe on a single date three years after construction. Overall results indicated that spur addition resulted in modest increases in baseflow stony bankline, water width and pool habitat availability, but had only local effects on depth. These relatively small changes in physical habitat were exaggerated seasonally by beaver dams that appeared during periods of prolonged low flow in late Summer and Autumn. Physical changes were accompanied by shifts in fish species composition away from a run-dwelling assemblage dominated by large numbers of cyprinids and immature centrarchids toward an assemblage containing fewer and larger centrarchids. Biological responses were at least partially due to the effects of temporary beaver dams.     

对化学品登记要求的数据解释—生物系统效应

本文对化学品登记时所要求的生物系统效应数据做解释.涉及到的测试参数包括 藻类生长抑制、蚤类急性活动抑制和繁殖及鱼类急性毒性.     

湖泊(水库)网箱养鱼水质模型研究

针对温带地区深水湖泊（水库）中常见的热分层现象，在北京市密云水库网箱养鱼对水质影响的实例研究中，提出了经过修正的夏季双箱模型和冬季单箱模型．为密云水库的水质污染防治及制定环境管理规划提供了科学依据．     

乌梁素海鱼类种群变化的研究

根据乌梁素海实地调查和资料分析 ,对乌梁素海鱼类种类、区系特征、鱼类种群现状及变化进行分析 ,并提出保护鱼类种群及鱼类资源的建议     

根据片段常数法估算有机化合物对虹鳟的LC50值

根据 2 58种有机物对虹鳟的 96h半数致死浓度 (LC50 )实测值建立了预测有机物对虹鳟LC50 的片段常数估算模型 .讨论了模型的误差和稳健性 .结果表明 ,有机物的片段常数及结构因子与虹鳟log1 /LC50 之间具有很好的定量关系 .可以根据化合物片段估算其对虹鳟的半数致死浓度 .最终模型的可决系数为 0 94 95,平均误差0 4 2个对数单位 .无论就单一化合物或化合物类别而言 ,模型均具有较高的稳健性     

广西大明山自然保护区鱼类资源调查研究

~~广西大明山自然保护区鱼类资源调查研究@黄文$湖南省第一师范学校!湖南长沙410002 @邓学建$湖南师范大学生命科学学院动物系!湖南长沙410081~~~~~~