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31.
近50年丝绸之路经济带中国境内冰川变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
冰川是丝绸之路经济带中国境内重要的水资源,对该区农业建设和经济发展至关重要。基于修订后的中国第一次冰川编目数据和最新发布的第二次冰川编目数据,对丝绸之路经济带中国境内冰川变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)丝绸之路经济带中国境内现有冰川22523条,面积25516.80 km2,冰储量约2592.85 km3,分别占我国冰川相应总量的46.37%、49.22%和57.39%,其中新疆维吾尔自治区冰川储量最为丰富,共计2366.25 km3。(2)丝绸之路经济带中国境内冰川以面积<0.5 km2的冰川数量最多,共计15519条,占冰川总数量的68.90%;面积则以介于1~5 km2冰川为主,共计6833.71 km2,占冰川总面积的26.78%;各山系的冰川退缩海拔高度不同,面积减少速度在各个高度带均有差异。(3)近50年间丝绸之路经济带中国境内冰川面积共减少4527.43 km2,变化百分比为-20.88%,有3114条冰川消失,冰川冰储量损失约419.35 km3。(4)丝绸之路经济带中国境内冰川变化整体呈现自西向东加快趋势,减少速率整体上有自西南向东北加快趋势;冰川朝北消失数量大于朝南消失数量,东北方向面积减少最多,东南方向面积减少最快。(5)近50年间丝绸之路经济带中国境内有暖湿化趋势,冬季气温升高速率大于夏季且降水增加幅度小于夏季的气候组合模式,不利于冰川的积累从而导致冰川退缩;冰川发育规模对冰川退缩也有一定影响,但各山系冰川变化驱动力具有空间差异。 相似文献
32.
农业资源利用模式间的转换及案例分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目前我国农业仍然属于资源高耗低效型农业,而农业自然资源是非常有限的,为此必须实现农业资源的高效利用。本文从中观区域尺度上研究了农业资源利用模式及不同利用模式间的转换,通过案例分析认为,农业资源利用模式处于不断演替过程中,其演替具有明显的层次性;在演替过程中,物化资源投入水平不断增加,农业资源利用效率不断提高;与农业资源利用模式相适应的农业资源利用技术体系也具有多样性和层次性。 相似文献
33.
Zhao Zongci 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1993,5(1):23-29
Climatic change and urbanization effect in China during the last 39 years were investigated. It is found that a warming of about 0.23℃ for the annual temperature has been noticed from 1951 to 1989. The warmings of about 0.78 ℃ in winter and 0.34 3℃ in spring have been shown. It is also presented that a cooling of about -0.27℃ in summer has been indicated. The bigger cities are warmer than smaller cities in China. The dried trends in the annual precipitation during the last 39 years were presented. The precipitation decreased obviously in summer all over China. The bigger cities were drier than smaller cities. 相似文献
34.
Rob H.G.Jongman 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2003,15(2):173-181
The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe.It does not intend to present a complete picture,but to highlight comon developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European intiative,Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way ,but information was not accessible to be authors for different reasons.This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning.Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost imprtance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems. 相似文献
35.
Kurz Werner A. Beukema Sarah J. Apps Michael J. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》1997,2(4):405-421
Land-use change from an unmanaged to a managed forested landscape in northern forests is associated with a reduction of the
area annually affected by natural disturbances (wildfires and forest insects) and the introduction of harvesting as a new
disturbance. This study examined the impacts of changes in the disturbance regime-the frequency and type of disturbance-on
landscape-level carbon (C) content and fluxes. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector was used to assess these
impacts in six representative landscapes (100,000 ha each) with a range of disturbance regimes that are characteristic of
conditions in coastal British Columbia, the interior of British Columbia, and the eastern boreal forest in Canada. The model
was used to simulate ecosystem C fluxes during a period of natural disturbances, a 50-year transition period during which
harvesting replaced natural disturbances, followed by 150 years of harvesting. The initial landscape-level biomass C content
under natural disturbance regimes in the six example landscapes was 22 to 75% of their potential maximum content which is
often used as the reference or baseline case. After 200 years of forest management, the C stored in the landscape plus the
C retained in forest products manufactured from harvested biomass was between 58 and 101% of the landscape C content prior
to the onset of harvesting. Landscape-level ecosystem C content was found to be affected by changes in the disturbance frequency,
the age-dependence of the disturbance probabilities, and the disturbance-specific impacts on ecosystem C content. The results
indicate that using the potential maximum C content of a landscape as the baseline always overestimates the actual C release
due to land use change. A more meaningful procedure would be to assess the actual differences in landscape-level C content
between the natural and the managed disturbance regime. 相似文献
36.
37.
矿物的相转变曾被认为是矿物包裹体爆裂法测温的影响因素之一。本文从矿物在加热过程中发生相转变和内部气液包裹体爆裂二者不同的作用机理,以及在爆裂曲线上不同的反映出发,通过一些实验和实例对比,探讨了矿物相变对爆裂法测温实际效果的影响,和所谓石英“相变峰”在岩体对比等方面的实际意义,得出矿物相变对爆裂法测温不会产生有害影响的结论。 相似文献
38.
Human adaptation to climate change: a review of three historical cases and some general perspectives
To study mitigation and adaptation to climate change, social scientists have drawn on different approaches, particularly sociological approaches to the future and comparative history of past societies. These two approaches frame the social and temporal boundaries of decision-making collectivities in different ways. A consideration of the responses to climate variability in three historical cases, the Classic Maya of Mexico and Central America, the Viking settlements in Greenland, and the US Dust Bowl, shows the value of integrating these two approaches. 相似文献
39.
极端干旱气候下盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用作者建立的塔里木盆地北部盐化草甸植被净初级生产力模型 ,模拟了极端干旱气候下盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应。结果表明 ,在一定土壤质地条件下 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力随地下水埋深的增加而逐渐下降。地下水埋深越大 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对地下水埋深变化的响应越敏感。全球变化造成的温度升高对盐化草甸植被净初级生产力的影响 ,也是依地下水埋深的不同而有所差异。地下水埋深较小时,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对温度升高的反应较小 ;随着地下水埋深的加大,其响应程度明显增加。因而 ,地下水埋深越大 ,盐化草甸植被净初级生产力对全球变化的响应就越明显。 相似文献
40.
Gao Yanchun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1998,10(3):357-364
The Yellow River, or Huanghe, is one of the most important river in China. It is the major water resources for north and northwest China. Since 1972, the Yellow River's dry-up has occurred frequently and become even more year by year. Except the huge loss to social life and economic development, the Yellow River's dry-up brings about great impacts to eco-environment. This paper analyzed the reasons and impacts from multi-aspect: effects of climate change, influence of human activities and impacts to delta's eco-environment, aquatic life resources, agricultural eco- environment, water pollution and flood prevention as well. 相似文献