一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类

本文研究了产自我国江苏吴县的高岭土对我国主要赤潮生物种的絮凝作用。首次发现该高岭土的絮凝作用远远大于蒙脱土,是一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类。实验和理论计算证明该高岭土的主要成份是埃洛石或变埃洛石,其对赤潮生物细胞的吸引作用大于蒙脱土,故具有较强的絮凝能力。本文还考察了溶液pH、高岭土酸改性等对絮凝作用的影响,并与蒙脱土体系相比较,从理论上做了分析和解释,为其实际应用奠定了基础。     

Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system（the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia） before（March–July 2010）, during（December 2010–May 2011） and after（April–December 2012） a major flood period was investigated. The flood period（over 6 months）occurred during an intense La Nia cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased（2–3 times） to high concentrations（up to 16 mg/L） and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model（mEnCo）. Predicted mean alum dose rates（per mg DOC） were higher before（9.1 mg alum/mg DOC） and after（8.5 mg alum/mg DOC） than during the flood event（8.0 mg alum/mg DOC）,indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds（〉2 kDa） were mostly detected in waters collected,but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.     

混凝预处理及膜面流速控制对微滤膜污染的影响研究

为研究膜面流速和混凝预处理对微滤过程膜污染的综合影响,用旋流式膜混凝反应器进行了不同流量、入口管径、混凝剂投加量下的除浊试验。结果表明,直接微滤时,高膜面流速加剧了初期膜的孔堵污染,但抑制了滤饼层的累积,适于长期运行;在质量浓度为0~18 mg/L范围内增大聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量可显著抑制膜过滤阻力的增长;以速度梯度（G）表征絮体状态,由于絮体尺寸和错流的综合作用,投加混凝剂后,G在20~70 s-1范围内,414.64 s-1时微滤膜污染较轻。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例分析

本文通过实例阐述了“混凝沉淀+两级A/O(缺氧/好氧)-MBR系统(膜生物反应器)+SWRO(海水淡化反渗透)”组合工艺在生活垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。实际运行结果表明,当进水平均COD浓度为2668.7 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为2910 mg/L时,出水平均COD浓度为7.6 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为1.9 mg/L,水质可满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)要求,运行成本合计约为60元/m³.本工程实例将为我国生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理提供技术支持与经验参考。     

Study on the effects of organic matter characteristics on the residual aluminum and flocs in coagulation processes

Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights. Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than 4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution pH value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.     

高含硫气田水治理研究

介绍了用吹脱一混凝沉淀法处理高含硫气田水的室内试验及现场试验情况，着重介绍了吹脱工艺参数的选择。采用该工艺处理高含硫气田水具有工艺简单，处理效率高的特点，解决了高含硫气田水的污染问题。     

化学絮凝法处理PVC生产废水

用９种无机絮凝剂（包括无机高分子）对ＰＶＣ生产废水的絮凝效果进行了比较和选择：选用聚合硫酸铝（ＰＡＳ）为絮凝剂，用以取代进口药剂对ＰＶＣ废水的絮凝沉淀处理，进行了实验室工艺条件试验，确定其使用的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，当废水进水ＰＨ值为６．０－７．０时，ＰＡＳ的投加量最小，而ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率＞９０％，这表明用国产ＰＡＳ取代进口药剂处理ＰＶＣ废水是完全可行的。     

含油污水的复合方法处理实验研究

含油污水具有成分复杂，量大面广，含油量高，水质差别大，处理过程复杂等特点。采用凝絮—吸附—过滤复合方法，选择合适的污水处理工艺，对含油污水进行处理回用，处理后的水质可以达到工业污水排放标准。且凝絮—吸附—过滤方法工艺简单，成本低廉，可以达到改善环境，降低成本的良好效果，是具有应用和推广前途的含油污水处理方法。     

炼油废水高效处理的工艺流程和操作方法

本文论述了采用组合式隔油与两级混凝气浮串联工艺处理某炼油厂的含油废水的运行情况。由于各个处理单元及整套工艺的设计合理、操作方法正确 ,该套废水处理系统出水中的油类浓度降至 5～ 8m g/ L,COD浓度降至 45～ 5 5 mg/ L ,SS降至 3 1～ 5 1mg/ L,去除率分别超过 98%、92 %与 83 %。工程实施两年多来 ,运行稳定 ,能回收油类 ,具有良好的经济效益。     

直接超滤和混凝-超滤组合工艺的膜污染比较

利用滤饼层过滤模型和膜孔窄化模型，结合国产中空纤维超滤膜对提取的天然腐植酸进行直接超滤和混凝－超滤2种工艺的试验结果分析，表明混凝预处理基本消除了膜孔污染，并且大大降低了膜表面滤饼层污染阻力，从而使超滤保持高渗透通量。另外，与原水直接超滤相比，混凝－超滤组合工艺对溶解性天然有机物的去除率较高，DOC去除率从28％提高到53％，UV254去除率从40％提高到78％。