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131.
In Taiwan, the turbidity of raw water for fresh water treatments can sometimes reach as high as 40 000 NTU due to intensive rainfall, especially in typhoon seasons. In response, water works often apply large quantities of coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl). In this study, simulated and natural highly turbid water was coagulated with two PACls, a commercial product (PACl-1) and a laboratory product (PACl-E). The Al species distributions of PACl-1 and PACl-E under various pH conditions were determined, and the corresponding coagulation efficiency was evaluated. The PACl-E has a wider range of operational pH, while the efficiency of PACl-1 peaks at around neutral pH. For simulated water up to 5000 NTU, the PACl-E was superior to PACl-1 at low dosage and in the pH range studied. Similar results were discovered with natural water, except that when the turbidity was extremely high, the coagulation efficiency of PACl-E decreased significantly due to the presence of large amounts of organic matter. The coagulation of PACl-E was closely related to the content of polycationic aluminium (Al13) while that of PACl-1 was dictated by the amount of Alc. The sludge from PACl-E coagulation had better dewaterability when the optimum dosage was applied. The experimental results suggest that for natural water up to 5000 NTU, PACl containing high Al13 species is recommended for coagulation. In cases when the water contains high organic matter, efficient coagulation depends upon enmeshment by amorphous aluminium hydroxide. 相似文献
132.
Enhanced coagulation of ferric chloride aided by tannic acid for phosphorus removal from wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phosphorus removal from wastewater is of great importance. In the present study, ferric chloride was selected as the coagulant, and tannic acid (TA), a natural polymer, as the coagulant aid to develop an effective coagulation process with the emphasis of phosphorus recovery from different types of wastewater. The results showed that TA can accelerate the settling speed by forming flocs with large size, reduce the residual Fe(III) to eliminate the yellow color caused by Fe(III), and slightly increase the phosphorus removal efficiency. The precipitate formed by TA-aided coagulation showed the advantage of releasing phosphorus faster than ferric phosphate, indicating the possibility of phosphorus recovery from wastewater as slow release fertilizer. To further understand the structural characteristics of the precipitate, analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were employed. The analytical results indicated that TA–Fe–P complex was formed during the coagulation/flocculation processes. Solid phase in the precipitate consisted of TA–Fe–P complex, Fe–TA complex and/or ferric hydroxyphosphate. 相似文献
133.
134.
In this study, recalcitrant total phenol (TPh) and organic matter removal were investigated at olive mill wastewater (OMW) in sequential Coagulation and Fenton system. This study focused on different operational parameters such as pH, H2O2, and Fe2+ dosages, and [Fe2+]/[H2O2] ratios. The optimum conditions were determined as; pH = 3; [Fe2+] = 2.5 g/L; [Fe2+]/[H2O2] = 2.5. A higher treatment efficiency was achieved at sequential Coagulation and Fenton system (COD, 65.5%) and TPh, 87.2%), compared to coagulation process (COD, 51.4%; total organic carbon (TOC), 38.6% and total nitrogen (TN) 52.1%). This study demonstrated that the Coagulation and Fenton process has a potential for efficient removal of phenolic pollutants from wastewater. 相似文献
135.
Ngamlerdpokin K Kumjadpai S Chatanon P Tungmanee U Chuenchuanchom S Jaruwat P Lertsathitphongs P Hunsom M 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(10):2454-2460
The remediation of biodiesel wastewater was carried out using chemical and electrochemical techniques. Initially the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) and free fatty acids (FFA) were chemically removed from the wastewater using three types of mineral acids, H(2)SO(4), HNO(3) and HCl, at different pH values within the range of 1.0-8.0. Optimally, approximately 24.3 ml/l of FAME/FFA were removed from the wastewater when using H(2)SO(4) to set a final pH of 2.5 for 7 min. All pollutant levels were markedly reduced during this step. That is, approximately 38.94%, 76.32% and 99.36% of COD, BOD5 and oil & grease were respectively removed. The acidic aqueous phase left after the removal of the FAME/FFA phase was then treated by chemical- and electro-coagulation processes. The results demonstrated that both investigated treatment processes were effective for treating wastewater from a biodiesel production plant. The chemical coagulation provided a lower operating cost (1.11 USD/m(3)) compared with the electro-coagulation process (1.78 USD/m(3)). However, the latter process provided a better quality of wastewater compared with the former process, with the exception of the BOD levels. 相似文献
136.
目前,大多数制药废水处理研究的方向是处理抗生素制药废水,缺乏对营养类型制药废水处理工艺方面的研究,通过对营养型制药废水处理工艺研究,可以得出废水处理相关的参数。在本文中,厌氧-好氧法废水处理工艺作为制药废水处理的最主要工艺,重点对营养型基础制药废水做出分析,对污水处理厂生产条件、运行参数进行实验研究。 相似文献
137.
Weijun Zhang Mingyue Tang Dandan Li Peng Yang Shiwei Xu Dongsheng Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):257-268
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance, making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult. Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance, while sludge properties (organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions) are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process. In this work, the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated, and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled. The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity. Meanwhile, the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum (Al13) and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum (Al30) were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction. Additionally, both Al13 and Al30 showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)3. Al13 and Al30 coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS, which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability. This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity. 相似文献
138.
Coagulation and precipitation is a widely applied method to remove F? from wastewater. In this work, the effect of coagulation on the removal of F? and organic matter from coking wastewater was studied using AlCl3 and FeCl3 as compound coagulants. The removal rates of F? and organic matter under different coagulant doses and pH conditions were investigated. The results show that the highest removal rates of F? by AlCl3 and FeCl3 are 94.4% and 25.4%, respectively; when the dosage is 10 mmol/L, the TOC removal rates of FeCl3 and AlCl3 reach 20.4% and 34.7%, respectively. Therefore, the removal rate of F? by AlCl3 is higher than that of FeCl3, but the removal rate of organic matter by FeCl3 is relatively higher. The addition of Ca2+ can promote the removal of F?, but the removal rate of organic matter decreases. In addition, by investigating the effects of different pH and Fe–Al ratio on the removal rate, the removal effect of adding FeCl3 and AlCl3 at the same time was discussed. The results show that the most suitable working condition for the removal of organic matter and F? is that the pH is 6.5 and the molar ratio of Al/Fe is 8:2. Overall, the removal mechanism of F? and organic matter in coking wastewater by FeCl3 and AlCl3 was explored in this study. The experimental results can provide reference for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater. 相似文献
139.
本文是为解决有机污泥中含大量胶体状微粒于堵塞滤网而造成污泥脱水困难所进行的脱水方法的研究。研究中采用H2O2-FeSO4调质法。在铁离子的存在下利用H2O2发生的游离基强力的氧化作用,污泥中的有机物被氧化,胶体结构被破坏,促进了水分离,同时FeSO4变成凝聚效果高的硫酸高铁的形态将污泥粒子凝聚,形成絮凝。由于这氧化与凝聚作用面被脱水可能。本文介绍了实验室中试及实用中的具体数据。 相似文献
140.
The results of studies carried out using a computer programme simulating the coagulation of suspensions containing spherical sol particles and spherical coagulant particles are reported.The influence of the degree of dispersion of the system on the coagulation reaction kinetics was investigated. The obtained results of kinetic studies were tested in the light of classical Müller–Smoluchowski equations. The influence of the physical properties of the coagulant,such as size, density and mass, on the coagulation rate was tested. It was found that within the range described in this paper, the rate of the simulated coagulation process fulfils both the kinetic equation of a first-order reaction, and the kinetic equation of a second-order reaction.Within the tested range, a significant influence of the mass and size of the coagulant on the coagulation rate was ascertained. The kinetic Müller–Smoluchowski dependence is fulfilled in a broader range of the degree of dispersion, when the coagulant particle mass and the sol particle mass are equal. When the particle mass increases with an increase in the particle radius, the coagulation rate increases faster that it would result from the Müller's dependence. 相似文献