Effect of Al(III) speciation on coagulation of highly turbid water

In Taiwan, the turbidity of raw water for fresh water treatments can sometimes reach as high as 40 000 NTU due to intensive rainfall, especially in typhoon seasons. In response, water works often apply large quantities of coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl). In this study, simulated and natural highly turbid water was coagulated with two PACls, a commercial product (PACl-1) and a laboratory product (PACl-E). The Al species distributions of PACl-1 and PACl-E under various pH conditions were determined, and the corresponding coagulation efficiency was evaluated. The PACl-E has a wider range of operational pH, while the efficiency of PACl-1 peaks at around neutral pH. For simulated water up to 5000 NTU, the PACl-E was superior to PACl-1 at low dosage and in the pH range studied. Similar results were discovered with natural water, except that when the turbidity was extremely high, the coagulation efficiency of PACl-E decreased significantly due to the presence of large amounts of organic matter. The coagulation of PACl-E was closely related to the content of polycationic aluminium (Al₁₃) while that of PACl-1 was dictated by the amount of Al_c. The sludge from PACl-E coagulation had better dewaterability when the optimum dosage was applied. The experimental results suggest that for natural water up to 5000 NTU, PACl containing high Al₁₃ species is recommended for coagulation. In cases when the water contains high organic matter, efficient coagulation depends upon enmeshment by amorphous aluminium hydroxide.     

絮凝沉淀-SBR组合工艺处理屠宰加工废水工程应用

介绍了絮凝沉淀—SBR组合工艺在屠宰加工废水处理工程中的应用实例.经过3 个月的工程调试和2 年多的实际运行效果表明,当进水COD在1300~1800mg/L之间时,经该工艺处理,出水COO可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,总去除率在90%以上.实践证明,该工艺具有较好的经济效益和环境效益.     

粉煤灰改性处理啤酒废水的研究

以Na2CO3、CaO、HCI、H2SO4等多种试剂作改性剂对粉煤灰进行改性处理,得到改性粉煤灰,并以改性粉煤灰处理啤酒废水,研究了粉煤灰改性的最佳条件及改性粉煤灰处理啤酒废水的机理。结果表明:改性后粉煤灰的吸附混凝性能有显著的提高,啤酒废水中COD的去除率从50%增加到89%。实验确定Na2CO3为最佳改性剂,最佳改性条件为改性剂与粉煤灰的用量比为10mL:5g,室温下搅拌5min,静置30min。     

Membrane fouling controlled by coagulation/adsorption during direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF) for organic matter concentration

Unlike the role of the membrane in a membrane bioreactor, which is designed to replace a sediment tank, direct sewage membrane filtration(DSMF), with the goal of concentrating organic matters, is proposed as a pretreatment process in a novel sewage treatment concept. The concept of membrane-based pretreatment is proposed to divide raw sewage into a concentrated part retaining most organics and a filtered part with less pollutant remaining, so that energy recovery and water reuse, respectively, could be realized by post-treatment. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of coagulant/adsorbent addition for membrane fouling control, which has been the main issue during this DSMF process. The results showed that continuous coagulant addition successfully slowed down the increase in filtration resistance, with the resistance maintained below 1.0 × 1013m~(-1) in the first 70 hr before a jump occurred. Furthermore,the adsorbent addition contributed to retarding the occurrence of the filtration resistance jump, achieving simultaneous fouling control and chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration improvement. The final concentrated COD amounted to 7500 mg/L after 6 days of operation.     

Effect of phosphate releasing in activated sludge on phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater

Aluminum and ferric salts are commonly used in municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWPTs) for phosphorus(P) removal. In this study, on-site jar tests were conducted to determine the removal of different P species from the fresh samples in the presence and absence of activated sludge(AS) with different doses of alum, poly-aluminum chloride,and ferric chloride at different p H. The soluble P(SP) concentration in the samples was about 0.63 mg/L. When the mixed liquor containing AS was treated with 8 mg/L of Al, SP could be reduced to 0.13 mg/L, while it was reduced to 0.16 mg/L with only 1 mg/L of Al after sedimentation removal of AS from sample. Chemical analysis determined that AS contained 59.8 mg-P/g-TSS and 43.8 mg-Al/g-TSS and most of the P was associated with the aluminum hydroxide. We discovered that the phosphate in the AS could readily be released from it, which was mainly responsible for ineffective removal of P to low levels in mixed liquor even with very high alum dose. This study provides new insight into the behavior and fate of P in the wastewater treatment plants that use alum to enhance P removal in the final effluent.     

混凝处理抗生素废水研究

采用混凝法对抗生素废水进行预处理.试验结果表明:混凝沉淀方法去除混合液中的有机物及部分非溶解态的溶媒物质具有较好的效果,CODCr平均去除率达到32.0%,且运行成本合理,具有较高的应用价值.     

改良混凝反应器强化混凝效果的研究

通过设置水平隔板强化水力扩散作用,提高了普通混凝反应器的混凝效果;比较了改良与普通混凝反应器对某污水厂二级生化出水的处理效果:在相同的pH值、速度梯度、混合及絮凝时间、沉降时间以及相同的混凝剂种类及剂量下,改良混凝反应器对CODCr、总磷(TP)及浊度的去处效果都优于传统的混凝反应器;当达到相同的CODCr,TP和浊度的去除率时,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量分别可以降低25%～50%,20%～30%,20%左右,因此可以大大降低成本。可见改良后的反应器通过改善水力条件、增强传质作用,强化了原水和混凝药剂的混合作用,改善了混凝处理效果,提高了各污染物的去处率,给污水厂及再生水厂混凝沉淀工艺的改造提供了借鉴。     

混凝法预处理糖精钠废水研究

无机混凝剂硫酸铝，硫酸铁分别与有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺配合使用处理糖精钠废水，并进行处理效果比较，结果表明，硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺配合使用的处理效果好，当硫酸铝投加量为３．２ｇ／Ｌ，聚丙烯酰胺投加量为８ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ为６时，废水ＣＯＤｃｒ可从４１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ减小到１６８００ｍｇ／Ｌ，去除率达６１％；Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度从３２．７３ｍｇ／Ｌ降至３．１７ｍｇ／Ｌ，去除率达９０．３％，且提高了ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ值     

厌氧－好氧生物工艺对制药废水处理研究

目前,大多数制药废水处理研究的方向是处理抗生素制药废水,缺乏对营养类型制药废水处理工艺方面的研究,通过对营养型制药废水处理工艺研究,可以得出废水处理相关的参数。在本文中,厌氧－好氧法废水处理工艺作为制药废水处理的最主要工艺,重点对营养型基础制药废水做出分析,对污水处理厂生产条件、运行参数进行实验研究。     

Removal of F− and organic matter from coking wastewater by coupling dosing FeCl3 and AlCl3

Coagulation and precipitation is a widely applied method to remove F^? from wastewater. In this work, the effect of coagulation on the removal of F^? and organic matter from coking wastewater was studied using AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ as compound coagulants. The removal rates of F^? and organic matter under different coagulant doses and pH conditions were investigated. The results show that the highest removal rates of F^? by AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ are 94.4% and 25.4%, respectively; when the dosage is 10 mmol/L, the TOC removal rates of FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ reach 20.4% and 34.7%, respectively. Therefore, the removal rate of F^? by AlCl₃ is higher than that of FeCl₃, but the removal rate of organic matter by FeCl₃ is relatively higher. The addition of Ca²⁺ can promote the removal of F^?, but the removal rate of organic matter decreases. In addition, by investigating the effects of different pH and Fe–Al ratio on the removal rate, the removal effect of adding FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ at the same time was discussed. The results show that the most suitable working condition for the removal of organic matter and F^? is that the pH is 6.5 and the molar ratio of Al/Fe is 8:2. Overall, the removal mechanism of F^? and organic matter in coking wastewater by FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ was explored in this study. The experimental results can provide reference for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater.