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841.
Seacliff State Beach, along the shoreline of northern Monterey Bay, California, has a well-documented history of repeated destruction and reconstruction of seawalls and park facilities. Seven times in 60 years the timber seawall has been destroyed by winter storm waves and subsequently rebuilt. The deficiencies of the wall, including (a) inadequate attachment of timber lagging to pilings, (b) inability of pilings or lagging to withstand repeated impact of waves and logs, and (c) inadequate height and internal drainage system have never been adequately addressed and each successive wall has essentially been identical to the previously destroyed wall. 相似文献
842.
William J. Lloyd Richard A. Marston 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1985,21(5):841-849
Rapid industrialization and population growth in the north Mexican desert city of Ciudad Juarez are placing a serious strain on the city's municipal water resources. Water deliveries and service area have more than doubled over the past decade, and plans for additional expansion are presently being implemented. This expansion is already contributing to water table declines and salinity increases in the Mexican portion of the Heuco Bolson, the sole source of water for the city. Continued mining of the limited fresh water reserves should produce serious water supply problems in the near future. New estimates of future water consumption incorporated into a digital aquifer simulation model indicate that these problems may show up much sooner than was anticipated in previous investigations. The results of this study point to the need to accelerate the gathering of basic data on alternative water resources. The problems faced by Cd. Juarez are illustrative of the kinds of difficulties likely to confront other rapidly developing cities of the arid zone. 相似文献
843.
Günay Kocasoy 《Environmental management》1995,19(1):75-79
Coastal tourism continues to be an important industry for many countries. Improper planning, however, frequently results in
the deterioration of the coastal waters in newly opened tourist resorts. Avoidance of this situation can be achieved by predetermining
the bearing capacity of the site, which is very costly and time consuming. After an extensive study, the author previously
had developed an equation by which the effects of the increase in tourist population on coastal water quality can be determined.
The microbial pollution, which is indicated by coliform concentration, is a function of human population, intensity of light,
turbidity, temperature of seawater, human population density, and the coastal characteristics coefficients. By using the equation,
the bering capacity of a site can be determined easily.
The purpose of the present study is the verification of the equation. To achieve this, a study was conducted at another tourist
resourt, Cesme, where 1764 observations were made. The results, regardless of the small differences in the coefficients obtained,
indicate that the proposed method can be used to determine the bearing capacity of the system as well as the extent of microbial
pollution. This accelerates and simplifies the prediction and the prevention of possible negative effects that can be caused
by opening coastal areas to tourism. 相似文献
844.
Tharacad S. Ramanarayanan Daniel E. Storm Michael D. Smolen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(3):421-430
ABSTRACT: Delineation of a welihead protection area (WHPA) is the key element in welihead protection programs for drinking water supplies. WHPAs are often delineated under idealized conditions using simple steady-state assumptions, which lead to an incorrect estimation of area and geometry. In this paper, we compare the results from a simple steady-state procedure commonly employed in WHPA delineation with a more complex transient approach that allows consideration of seasonal variation in pumping rates. We also introduce a transient procedure to delineate time-related capture zones using a numerical ground water flow and transport model. Welihead delineation is examined for two municipal wells in Tipton, Oklahoma, using a ten-year time-of-travel criterion. In the steady-state procedure, where we assumed constant pumping rates, we used GPTRAC, a semi-analytical model, and MOC, a numerical model. The capture zone delineated by GPTRAC is comparable in shape with the capture zone delineated by MOC but not in size due to the differences in solution schemes. In the transient procedure, we used MOC and considered the seasonal variation in pumping rates. The capture zones delineated in this procedure were larger than the capture zones delineated by the steady-state procedure using the same model. Further analysis showed that a higher drawdown was predicted in the transient procedure than in the steady-state procedure, which is the reason for larger capture zones. 相似文献
845.
本文根据旱涝史料及现代观测资料,运用旱涝等级评定法和农田水分平衡法,对秦岭─黄淮平原交界带自1470~1980年逐年的旱涝状况进行了评定,重建了秦岭─黄淮平原交界带1470~1980年近500a的旱涝等级序列,在此基础上讨论了旱涝发生的基本规律。运用山地─平原交界带气候边际效应的观点,探讨了山地─平原交界带气候边际效应与旱涝的关系. 相似文献
846.
印染工业园废水集中处理的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,印染工业园在各地纷纷建立,大大促进了当地经济的发展。本文论述了当前印染工业园废水集中处理设计和运行过程中需要注意的问题,并提出了相应的对策,以期为相关工业园设计和研究提供参考。 相似文献
847.
模糊综合评价法在液氯运输过程安全性评估的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
将模糊综合评价方法和层次分析法用于危险化学品运输过程安全性评估,综合考虑在过程中危化品、人、车、路、环境等五个方面因素对整个过程安全性的影响,得到运输过程安全性等级。运用现有的泄漏模拟公式定量计算发生泄漏事故后所产生的危险区域,为人员疏散提供了决策帮助。最后以液氯运输过程为例进行安全评估,并计算泄漏后危险区域的范围。 相似文献
848.
849.
850.
In this study, a constrained minimization method, the flexible tolerance method, was used to solve the optimization problems for determining hydrologic parameters in the root zone: water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation. Synthetic soil moisture data were first generated using the Richards' equation and its associated initial and boundary conditions, and these data were then used for the inverse analyses. The results of inverse simulation indicate the following. If the soil moisture data contain no noise, the rate of estimated water uptake and spatial root distribution parameters are equal to the true values without using constraints. If there is noise in the observed data, constraints must be used to improve the quality of the estimate results. In the estimation of rainfall infiltration and surface evaporation, interpolation methods should be used to reduce the number of unknowns. A fewer number of variables can improve the quality of inversely estimated parameters. Simultaneous estimation of spatial root distribution and water uptake rate or estimation of evaporation and water uptake rate is possible. The method was used to estimate the water uptake rate, spatial root distribution, infiltration rate, and evaporation using long‐term soil moisture data collected from Nebraska's Sand Hills. 相似文献