不同滩涂促淤围垦方式对大型底栖动物群落的影响

滩涂促淤围垦会对大型底栖动物造成一定程度的影响,但关于不同促淤方式对大型底栖动物的影响未见有报道。以长江口浦东机场外侧滩涂促淤区为研究对象,分析吹沙促淤区域和抛坝促淤区域中大型底栖动物的分布特点。结果显示:大型底栖动物在抛坝促淤区和吹沙促淤区年均密度分别为(835.98±572.41)ind./m~2和(52.85±12.04)ind./m~2,年均生物量分别为(135.25±63.99)g/m~2和(40.82±6.84)g/m~2,单因素方差分析显示,两者存在显著性差异(P0.05),进而表明不同促淤方式对大型底栖动物的密度和生物量影响不同。CLUSTER聚类和MDS排序图说明吹沙促淤区和抛坝促淤区断面之间的大型底栖动物群落组成存在差异性。对各断面间群落相似性矩阵进行SIMPER分析表明河蚬、光滑狭口螺和谭氏泥蟹为两种区域共有优势种,其贡献度分别为56.10%、10.81%、9.62%,且三者在吹沙促淤区中的密度分布少于抛坝促淤区。研究表明泥沙淤积的快慢程度是影响促淤围垦区内大型底栖动物分布的重要因素。     

长江近口段沿岸4种珍稀、重要鱼类的资源动态

为了解长江近口段沿岸胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)、中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)、鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)以及乌鳢(Channidae argus)4种珍稀重要经济鱼类的资源动态,我们于2002~2013年在靖江沿岸设置定置张网,每月收集2~3份渔获物样本进行分析。结果显示,12年共采集379份样本,渔获量112 587尾,681 080.2 g,分别隶属于14目28科77属119种。上述4种鱼共476尾,占总渔获量的4.23‰。其中以鳜的数量为最多,有224尾;中国花鲈和乌鳢其次,分别有121尾和96尾;胭脂鱼最少,仅35尾。出现鳜、乌鳢、中国花鲈和胭脂鱼的样本分别有93份、83份、38份和21份,出现率为24.5%、21.9%、10.0%和5.5%。平均相对重要性指数IRI显示,胭脂鱼是少见种,中国花鲈为一般种,鳜和乌鳢均为常见种。但年度IRI分析显示,最近3年胭脂鱼已上升为一般种,乌鳢则为优势种,都呈增长趋势。分析还显示,4~6月的长江禁渔期可以保护靖江沿岸约31.43%的胭脂鱼、29.75%的中国花鲈、18.30%的鳜和26.04%的乌鳢幼鱼。如将沿岸水域的禁渔期延至9月,则可将48.57%的胭脂鱼、94.21%的中国花鲈、92.86%的鳜和68.75%的乌鳢幼鱼免受沿岸定置张网的损害。     

Assessing field-scale migration of radionuclides at the Nevada Test Site: “mobile” species

Many long-lived radionuclides are present in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as a result of 828 underground nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1951 and 1992. In conjunction with a comprehensive geochemical review of radionuclides (³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁹I) that are presumably mobile in the subsurface, we synthesized a body of radionuclide activity data measured from groundwater samples collected at 18 monitoring wells, to qualitatively assess their migration at the NTS over distances of hundreds of meters and over timescales of decades. Tritium and ³⁶Cl showed little evidence of retardation, while the transport of ¹⁴C may have been retarded by its isotopic exchange with carbonate minerals in the aquifer. Observed local reducing conditions (either natural or test-induced) will impact the mobility of certain redox-sensitive radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) that were otherwise soluble and readily transported under oxidizing conditions. Conversely, strongly oxidizing conditions may impact the mobility of ¹²⁹I which is mobile under reducing conditions. The effect of iodine speciation on its transport deserves further attention. Indication of delayed transport of some “mobile” radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) in the groundwater at the NTS suggested the importance of redox conditions of the natural system in controlling the fate and transport of radionuclides, which has implications in the enhanced performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, located adjacent to the NTS, to store high-level nuclear wastes as well as management of radionuclide contamination in legacy nuclear operations facilities.     

Green reconstruction of the tsunami-affected areas in India using the integrated coastal zone management concept

A tsunami, triggered by a massive undersea earthquake off Sumatra in Indonesia, greatly devastated the lives, property and infrastructure of coastal communities in the coastal states of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Thailand. This event attracted the attention of environmental managers at all levels, local, national, regional and global. It also shifted the focus from the impact of human activities on the environment to the impacts of natural hazards. Recovery/reconstruction of these areas is highly challenging. A clear understanding of the complex dynamics of the coast and the types of challenges faced by the several stakeholders of the coast is required. Issues such as sustainability, equity and community participation assume importance. The concept of ICZM (integrated coastal zone management) has been effectively used in most parts of the world. This concept emphasizes the holistic assessment of the coast and a multidisciplinary analysis using participatory processes. It integrates anthropocentric and eco-centric approaches. This paper documents several issues involved in the recovery of tsunami-affected areas and recommends the application of the ICZM concept to the reconstruction efforts.     

Sediment and carbon accumulation in a small tidal basin: Yuehu,Shandong Peninsula,China

A small sedimentary basin (the Yuehu lagoon), located at the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula, China, was selected to study its filling by sediment and the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in response to natural/anthropogenic processes. Surficial and short core sediment samples were collected and analyzed to obtain data sets of grain size, organic carbon content, deposition rates and vertical fluxes of sediment and organic carbon. The analytical results show that the lagoon is covered mainly with fine-grained sediments with high deposition rate and particulate organic carbon content being found from the central part of the mud deposit. The sediment balance of the lagoon indicates high denudation rates of the catchment basin, which may be related to soil erosion in response to farming and land use pattern changes. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of the organic carbon fluxes of the Yuehu lagoon and other embayments of the region shows that these coastal systems make an important contribution to the regional shallow sea carbon burial.     

核电站核事故核素污染评估模式

利用修正了的高斯模式探讨核电站核素污染事故中的核素扩散。分析了边界条件,气象条件和核素衰变规律对核素扩散污染的影响,并进一步讨论了核素的污染范围,距源距离及核素的沉积量,可作为确定应急安全的理论依据。     

煤矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测方法探讨

根据煤矿区规划环评的现状,提出了几种煤矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测方法,并将多源叠加的高斯模型法和箱模式法分别应用于榆神矿区和神东矿区的大气环境影响预测中.结果表明,多源叠加的高斯模型法灵活多变,而箱模式简单易行.     

南黄海-长江口海域溶解氧分布和低氧、酸化特征及其控制因素

基于2019年8月与11月所获取的2个航次的水文、化学和生物资料,重点研究了夏、秋季南黄海和长江口海域溶解氧(DO)分布的时空格局及其与水文动力状况和生物地球化学过程之间的关系,探讨了该海区低氧特征及其对酸化环境的指示.结果表明,研究海域内DO含量及分布与流场/水团格局具有良好的对应关系,其中夏季长江口外台湾暖流影响区...     

昆明市松华坝水源保护区水资源安全综合评价

通过对昆明市松华坝水源保护区自然生态、水资源、经济社会情况的调查与分析,建立了保护区水资源安全评价指标体系,并分别采用层次分析法、模糊评判法和集对分析法对保护区水资源安全进行综合评价。结果表明,目前评价区的水资源安全处于基本安全级别。     

生态适宜度评价在开发区环评和环境规划中的应用——以江苏常熟东南开发区为例

本文以江苏省常熟东南开发区为研究对象，在开发区的环境影响评价和环境保护规划中引入土地利用生态适宜度评价的方法，建立开发区生态适宜度评价指标体系，并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合，实现了对经济开发区土地利用进行生态适宜度评价的定量化研究方法，为经济开发区的合理规划提供决策依据。