铁路平交道口交通安全管理研究

针对铁路平交道口安全管理中存在的管理体制、管理手段、预警监控和防护等现状,以系统论的观点,分析道口事故频繁发生的主要原因和影响道口安全的主要因素,建立起适合道口的管理体制。在该体制下,提出道口安全及违章管理办法,同时构建以列车接近道口数字化智能动态预警、列车通过道口智能防护、道口安全实时监控为主要特征,人、车、路为一体,预警、监控、防护、管理相结合的智能型数字化道口安全系统,将道口安全从以防护为主的观念转到以预警、监控和防护相结合的观念上来,最终实现道口安全的综合管理。     

Electroreduction of hexavalent chromium using a porous titanium flow-through electrode and intelligent prediction based on a back propagation neural network

● Titanium-based flow-through electrode achieved high Cr(VI) reduction efficiency. ● Flow-through pattern enhanced the mass transfer and reduced cathodic polarization. ● BPNN predicted the optimal electroreduction conditions of flow-through cell. Flow-through electrodes have been demonstrated to be effective for electroreduction of Cr(VI), but shortcomings are tedious preparation and short lifetimes. Herein, porous titanium available in the market was studied as a flow-through electrode for Cr(VI) electroreduction. In addition, the intelligent prediction of electrolytic performance based on a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was developed. Voltametric studies revealed that Cr(VI) electroreduction was a diffusion-controlled process. Use of the flow-through mode achieved a high limiting diffusion current as a result of enhanced mass transfer and favorable kinetics. Electroreduction of Cr(VI) in the flow-through system was 1.95 times higher than in a parallel-plate electrode system. When the influent (initial pH 2.0 and 106 mg/L Cr(VI)) was treated at 5.0 V and a flux of 51 L/(h·m²), a reduction efficiency of ~99.9% was obtained without cyclic electrolysis process. Sulfate served as the supporting electrolyte and pH regulator, as reactive CrSO₇²⁻ species were formed as a result of feeding HSO₄⁻. Cr(III) was confirmed as the final product due to the sequential three-electron transport or disproportionation of the intermediate. The developed BPNN model achieved good prediction accuracy with respect to Cr(VI) electroreduction with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.943). Additionally, the electroreduction efficiencies for various operating inputs were predicted based on the BPNN model, which demonstrates the evolutionary role of intelligent systems in future electrochemical technologies.     

试论研究生文检课教学改革

研究生文献检索课教学的重点应放在培养学生的独立思维能力和自主创新能力上。从信息资源评价、竞争情报、科技查新、信息伦理等方面对研究生文检课教学内容进行了探讨,目的在于提高教学质量和教学效果,为多出科技成果、多出创新型人才服务。     

More is not always better: coping with ambiguity in natural resources management

Coping with ambiguities in natural resources management has become unavoidable. Ambiguity is a distinct type of uncertainty that results from the simultaneous presence of multiple valid, and sometimes conflicting, ways of framing a problem. As such, it reflects discrepancies in meanings and interpretations. Under the presence of ambiguity it is not clear what problem is to be solved, who should be involved in the decision processes or what is an appropriate course of action. Despite the extensive literature about methodologies and tools to deal with uncertainty, not much has been said about how to handle ambiguities. In this paper, we discuss the notions of framing and ambiguity, and we identify five broad strategies to handle it: rational problem solving, persuasion, dialogical learning, negotiation and opposition. We compare these approaches in terms of their assumptions, mechanisms and outcomes and illustrate each approach with a number of concrete methods.