中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

气浮净水技术研究及进展

本文系统总结了目前气浮净水技术的研究现状,着重阐述了溶气气浮机理及气浮池的设计、影响气浮效果的因素、气浮技术的评价及应用现状,同时对有关溶气气浮技术的模型及新概念,以及溶气气浮技术的发展方向进行了论述。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区生态环境建设中的水问题--以延河流域为例

水在生态环境建设中具有重要的地位,同时生态环境建设也对水文情势产生重要影响,两者密切相关.黄土丘陵沟壑区属于资源性缺水地区,水土流失非常严重,同时这一地区也是生态环境建设特别是植被恢复与重建的重点区域,研究这一地区的水与生态环境建设间的相互关系具有更加重要的意义.根据黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型流域--延河流域的社会经济统计数据、水文站监测数据及土壤水分和植被生长的有关研究,综合分析后认为:①人口快速增长和社会经济高速发展需要更多的水资源支持,生态环境建设用水受到直接威胁;②生态环境建设特别是建成植被减少了河川径流,由于植被蒸腾过度消耗土壤水库中的水分,一些地方出现土壤干层;③水资源的不足不仅限制了进一步的植树种草,而且也对建成植被产生了不利影响,一些地方甚至出现了"小老树",从而使植被的生态环境效益受到影响.在此基础上,通过分析生态环境建设与水的关系,提出了黄土丘陵沟壑区水资源可持续利用、生态环境可持续建设和社会经济可持续发展的建议.     

Public participation in NGO-oriented communities for disaster prevention and mitigation (N-CDPM) in the Longmen Shan fault area during the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake periods

ABSTRACT

The Longmen Shan fault area in southwest China is one of the world’s most active earthquake zones. The epicenters of the two most recent earthquakes, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (8.0?Ms) and the 2013 Lushan earthquake (7.0?Ms), both of which caused serious losses, were only 85?km apart. Community-based disaster risk reduction is the foundation of the disaster management system pyramid and is critical to the success of ‘sustainable hazard mitigation’. Based on multiple collaborative stakeholder perspectives, this paper examines public participation in an NGO-oriented Community for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (N-CDPM) in the period between the two earthquakes as a multi-stage problem; N-CDPM establishment, normal operations, disaster testing, and continuous improvement. Multi-stage field research was conducted in the affected areas in the Longmen Shan fault area to examine the collaboration in each stage, after which the differences were compared across the four stages based on eight key indices; scales, core stakeholders, core network stability, mean number of lines, mean collaborative level, governments, and individual and public organization participation. The government participation, individual participation, and public organization participation are then discussed. This paper provides a novel research approach to CDPM in multiple earthquake regions and gives rich insights into the collaboration between the government and the public for N-CDPM.     

城郊区生态安全水平的量度及其对策研究--以北京市海淀区为例

城郊区是一种特殊形态的区域生态系统，是产业结构、人口结构和空间结构逐步从城市向农村过度的地带，具有强烈的异质性，是典型的生态敏感地区。本研究根据压力-状态-响应模型，从资源环境压力、资源环境状态、人文环境响应三个方面构建了一个4层次的城郊生态安全水平度量的指标体系，以此对北京海淀区9个乡镇进行了分析，提示了其存在的问题，并探讨了城郊区的生态安全对策。     

江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术创新发展路径

钢铁产业作为国民经济的重要基础支柱性产业和高碳排放行业,其绿色低碳转型对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有十分重要的作用。在梳理国内外钢铁产业绿色低碳技术进展的基础上,阐述了江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术发展的特点及实现“双碳”目标面临的挑战,提出了由能源结构优化、能效提升、钢化联产协同处置和低碳突破性创新等技术综合集成的绿色低碳技术创新体系发展路径。     

International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

新疆工业污染与“九五”时期防治对策

对新疆工业污染的现状及产生的原因进行了分析论述,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

湘中煤层气开发可行性与施钻风险分析

根据煤层气的危害特性和赋存现状,开展基于已开采矿区的煤层气开发可行性分析和垂直钻井风险评估。以湖南湘中地区煤层气统计资料和地质结构特征为研究基础,先从地层、构造、煤储层物性以及含气量几个方面对该区煤层气开发潜力作出综合分析评价。然后从工程安全方面阐明钻探风险,提出有利于煤层保护、有效钻进减少事故的安全技术措施。最后提出煤层气的赋存特性决定钻采开发模式,必须紧紧围绕"安全高效"来制定钻采开发方案,把风险降到最小。     

城域突发事故灾害发生机理探索

城域突发事故灾害发生机理涉及事故灾害致因、演化过程、发展规律3个主要方面;从典型事故致因理论入手,探索城域突发事故灾害致因有本质原因、基础原因和直接原因;事故致因要素之间的综合作用是城域突发事故灾害发生机理研究的关键,可考虑建立与之对应的数学模型,运用突变理论,对演化过程进行分析,指出城域突发事故灾害演化是一个流变-突变过程,并满足尖点突变模型,引发因素和控制因素两个参数决定事故状态的变化;总结城域突发事故灾害的发展规律,指出城域突发事故灾害沿链条传递,并呈现一定周期性,研究成果可为事故灾害的预防与控制提供借鉴。