Production and characterization of biodiesel from Eriobotrya Japonica seed oil: an optimization study

Biodiesel is now-a-days recognized as a real potential alternative to petroleum-derived diesel fuel due to its number of desirable characteristics. However, its higher production cost resulting mainly due to use of costly food-grade vegetable oils as raw materials is the major barrier to its economic viability. Present work is an attempt to explore the potential of Eriobotrya japonica seed oil for the synthesis of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Optimization of production parameters, namely molar ratio of alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature, was carried out using Taguchi method. Fatty acid composition of both oil and biodiesel was determined using GC and H¹ NMR. Alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 1% wt/wt, 2 h reaction time and 50 ^°C reaction temperature were found to be the optimum conditions for obtaining 94.52% biodiesel. Highest % contribution was shown by the ‘amount of catalyst’ (67.32%) followed by molar ratio of alcohol to oil (25.51%). Major fuel properties of E. japonica methyl esters produced under optimum conditions were found within the specified limits of ASTM D6751 for biodiesel, hence it may be considered a prospective substitute of petro-diesel.     

和田地区水质综合评价

以世行“塔二项目”的监测成果为评价依据．结合水环境质量标准，运用模糊数学方法对和田地区水质进行综合评价。结果表明，和田地区的地表水总体上尚清洁，地下水水质相对较差，属轻度污染；水体水质容易受人类活动影响。     

A／O法在合成氨工业终端废水处理中的应用实例

主要介绍了合成氨工业废水的排放特点,A／O法处理工艺原理,以实例说明A／O法适用于实施清洁生产的合成氨企业的终端废水的处理。     

水带蜿蜒铺设时水头损失估算及火场供水研究

本文用管道内流体的水头损失规律,对水头损失产生的原因、计算公式及影响因素进行了分析,研究了水带蜿蜒铺设时火场供水的特点,并提出了弯曲铺设水带的水头损失估算值。     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

扎赉诺尔煤业公司灵东矿采煤沉陷区环境治理分析

灵东矿煤炭开采造成地表大面积沉陷,根据矿井所在地的自然、气候条件和土地的适宜性,合理安排各类用地,对不同类型的沉陷地采取不同的治理方法,制定科学、合理的沉陷区治理措施,使治理区域最大限度的恢复原有生态系统。     

Critical review for the quantification of leachate production: Evaluation example for the “Oum Azza” public landfill in Rabat city,Morocco

The estimation of leachate quantities produced in landfills is necessary to dimension the treatment plants allowing to reduce the polluting load of these effluents and consequently avoid their negative impacts on the environment. Different leachate quantification methods were used in this study to assess the leachate volume produced at the Oum Azza landfill. The water balance method give comparable estimations of leachate production to the Ouled Berjal landfill ratio. The first method showed average values between 487 and 495 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019, and at the same time, the second method gave values between 470 and 477 m³/day for the same years. In contrast, the World Bank ratio showed high values that vary between 2260 and 2295 m³/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019. The on-site data and the statistical analysis showed us that the World Bank ratio is not adapted for the estimation of the leachates produced in Oum Azza landfill, while the water balance and the ratio of Ouled Berjal landfill allowed to give comparable results to reality.     

影子工程法计算矿山生态经济损失

矿山开采生产主要的环境影响是生态影响,以抚顺新宾榆树铁矿为例,利用影子工程法对矿山开采进行环境经济损失分析,包括生态资源的经济损失和生态系统功能受到影响的经济损失,可用于矿区环境经济损益分析并作为相关建设项目的借鉴。     

直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃

介绍了在２个监测点，用直接法测定大气中的非甲烷烃。测定方法的检出限可达０．００６５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，在线性范围０－１０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３时，线性相关系数为０．９９９５，相对标准焦虑差为２．８％。结果表明，由于大气逆温层、工业排放源、汽车排气对非甲烷烃的浓度变化产生影响，其日变化曲线呈双峰形。     

重铬酸钾法测定炼油废水COD的适用性分析

为了分析0.250 mol/L与0.025 mol/L重铬酸钾法测定炼油催化剂行业高氯废水COD的适用性,进行了比对实验。结果表明：两者测定结果相差60.5～76.8 mg/L;高浓度重铬酸钾法精密性较好, RSD%≤4.8%,准确度较高,与氯气校正法测定结果基本吻合,相对误差≤6%;低浓度的重铬酸钾法精密性相对较差, RSD%≥8.1%,与氯气校正法测定结果相对误差大于40%,准确度低。在控制稀释水样Cl-浓度500～800 mg/L范围时,采用重铬酸钾法测定COD,适宜于高浓度的方法。