畜禽养殖污染减排组合处理技术研究进展

针对农村畜禽养殖种类多、地域广、规模大所造成的畜禽污染物产生以及收集方式多样,单一的处理技术无法满足养殖污染物控制要求的问题,对畜禽养殖污染减排组合处理技术进行了综述.     

数字图像技术结合小岛法在煤分形特征中的应用

为探究煤的孔裂隙结构分形特征,以贵州富煤区4个煤层的煤样为研究对象,基于扫描电镜和低温液氮实验综合表征煤样的孔裂隙发育程度及连通性,应用Photoshop,Image-Pro-Plus图像处理技术对煤的SEM图像进行二值化处理及主要参数提取;结合小岛法计算煤样的孔裂隙分形维数值,并与扫描电镜、低温液氮实验分析结果进行对...     

清水江水质评价与变化趋势的显著性分析研究

以贵州省黔南州清水江监测数据为例,采用五元联系数方法进行水质评价.分析表明,该方法是一种客观有效的评价方法,评价茶园、兴仁桥两个断面均优于环境规划类等级.针对TP、氟化物指标浓度严重超标问题,采用Daniel趋势检验法测试2006年-2010年指标浓度变化的显著性,结果说明：5年内清水江重安江大桥河段TP、氟化物浓度降低的趋势显著性较高;而兴仁桥河段TP浓度降低的趋势显著性偏低;氟化物浓度几乎不变,变化不显著.由此说明,黔南州清水江水质得到改善.     

硒对体外培养大鼠胚胎的发育毒性实验研究

本实验用全胚胎培养方法探讨了硒对体外培养大鼠胚胎的发育毒性，结果表明硒对胚胎的损害有明显的剂量—反应关系，硒浓度为2.0μg/ml，首先受累及的器官是视觉系统，提示该系统是硒的主要胚胎毒性作用部位，高浓度时，硒对反映胚胎生长发育和器官形态学分化的各指标均有抑制作用，6.0μg/ml剂量组胚胎畸形率为66.7%，主要表现是无眼泡，耳泡，心包积液，腋芽小，神经管未闭和体节异常，12.0μg/ml，死胎率高达88.9%。     

Use of Constructed Wetlands for Urban Stream Restoration: A Critical Analysis

/ Investigation of a delta marsh restoration project proposed forthe Don River in Toronto, Ontario, underlines several concerns aboutconstructed wetland projects designed for water quality improvement andaquatic habitat enhancement. The Don is a highly urbanized river that hasundergone significant physiographic modifications and continually receives acomplex mixture of conventional, metallic, and organic contaminants frommultiple point and nonpoint sources. Rather than providing permanent removalof urban contaminants, wetland processes offer a limited capacity fortemporary storage of contaminant inputs, and potential reactions may actuallyproduce more toxic and/or bioavailable forms of some chemicals. Theseprocesses tend to result in the concentration of watershed contaminants inwetland vegetation and sediments. As the restored marsh would be availablefor spawning and feeding by aquatic fauna, the potential exists for chemicalbioconcentration and biomagnification through the aquatic community.Accordingly, wetland systems are not suited to the dual purposes of waterquality improvement and aquatic habitat enhancement. Upstream controls,including source reduction of contaminant inputs, are recommended asessential components of all constructed wetland projects.KEY WORDS: Constructed wetlands; Water quality; Ecological restoration;Don River     

Detection of Coastal Saline Land Uses with Multi-Temporal Landsat Images in Shangyu City,China

Many coastal regions in China are confronted with pressing problems of scarce land resources and heavy population. Over the past 30 years, considerable parts of coastal tidelands have been enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land uses. To assess, plan, and implement large-scale reclamation programs, up-to-date and reliable information concerning the nature, areal extent, and physical and chemical characteristics of coastal saline lands is essential. This paper reports a remote sensing approach to detecting coastal saline land uses in Shangyu City, China, by using multi-temporal Landsat images. First, with the aid of resolution-sharpened Landsat-7 ETM+ images and their enhanced linear features, a visual interpretation is applied to extract individual dikes. Based on time series images and local government records, a spatial zoning procedure is then used to define six sub-zones with different historical years of reclamation. It shows that a total of 15,668 ha of coastal saline lands were enclosed and reclaimed from 1969 to 1996. Second, a modified land-use classification system for the study area is prescribed, and both unsupervised and supervised classifiers are performed for land-use classifications of grouped sub-zones. Information obtained from the spatial zoning, Tasseled Cap transformation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is also utilized to facilitate the supervised classification process. Finally, a detailed land-use map is produced, with an overall classification accuracy of 77.8%. Results show that dominant agricultural land uses of sub-zones are changed with historical reclamation years, from saline lands with wildgrass (very recently reclaimed) to aqua-farm ponds, to cotton fields, and to paddy fields and orchards (very early reclaimed). This transform process is primarily affected by soil salinities, and according to a soil survey an electrical conductivity of saturation extract decreased from 7.3 ds/m in the saline land reclaimed in 1996 to below 2 ds/m in the land reclaimed before 1969. The study concludes that multi-temporal remotely sensed images are important and effective data sources for monitoring the rapid changes of coastal land uses.     

An Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment of the Paluxy Aquifer, Central Texas, USA, Using GIS and a Modified DRASTIC Approach

D epth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone, and Conductivity of the aquifer). Using such an approach allows one to investigate the potential for groundwater contamination on a regional, rather than site-specific, scale. Based upon data from variables such as soil permeability, depth to water, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and topography, subjective numerical weightings have been assigned according to the variable's relative importance in regional groundwater quality. The weights for each variable comprise a GIS map layer. These map layers are combined to formulate the final groundwater pollution potential map. Using this method of investigation, the pollution potential map for the study area classifies 47% of the area as having low pollution potential, 26% as having moderate pollution potential, 22% as having high pollution potential, and 5% as having very high pollution potential.     

Benefits of Collaborative Learning for Environmental Management: Applying the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management Approach to Support Animal Pest Control

Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations. Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive management processes is examined.     

浅论新疆煤矿矿井排水的处理问题

就新疆煤矿矿井水的排水问题，水质特征及处理方法展开了分析讨论，介绍了几种较成熟的煤矿矿井水处理方法和工艺技术。     

加强环境保护打破绿色贸易壁垒

本文通过分析绿色壁垒对我国外贸的影响，从政府和企业的角度提出了相关的政策建议。