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81.
Heavy Metal Toxicity Responses of Two Willow (Salix) Varieties Grown Hydroponically: Development of a Tolerance Screening Test 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The E.U. funded BIORENEW project is investigating bioremediation of industrially degraded land using biomass fuel crops, including willow. One of its goals is to develop a rapid screening test to assess the metal tolerance of large numbers of willow varieties. This should reflect how a plant will respond to heavy metals under various field conditions and in the long term. A preliminary experiment tested two varieties of contrasting ability to thrive in metal-contaminated soils. Trees were exposed to a metal cocktail in three different strengths of background solution. An appropriate strength solution (1/4 strength Hoaglands) was identified for differentiating variety performance, based on its effect on the biomass of plant fractions relative to control fractions. This is a response to heavy metals which can be quantified rapidly and simply. The relative performance of the varieties was comparable to their performance in field studies. This test will be used to assess the tolerance of further varieties. 相似文献
82.
Jiachuang Shao Penghui Shao Mingming Peng Min Li Ziwei Yao Xiuqin Xiong Caiting Qiu Yufan Zheng Liming Yang Xubiao Luo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):33
83.
植物耐受/富集镉(Cd)是一个复杂的过程,涉及转运蛋白家族、螯合蛋白家族、抗氧化系统等多个方面的参与。文章综述了植物Cd耐性/富集基因的筛选方法,包括抗性表达文库、Cd抗性突变体的图位克隆、基因差异表达、电子克隆。筛选Cd抗性植物cDNA酵母表达文库可鉴定与金属束缚、隔离及外排相关的膜转运蛋白;筛选重金属敏感拟南芥突变体和图位克隆突变基因可鉴定与谷胱甘肽和植物螯合肽合成相关的酶;第二代测序技术、基因差异表达分析则是鉴定Cd响应基因以及揭示金属型植物与非耐性植物表型差异分子基础的有效方法;电子克隆也被应用在模式植物中鉴定重金属转运蛋白家族的编码基因。在此基础上,简述了Cd耐性/富集基因在改良植物Cd耐性或富集上的应用。 相似文献
84.
Fanling Meng Yunxue Xia Jianshuai Zhang Dong Qiu Yaozhu Chu Yuanyuan Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):116
85.
碎米莎草(Cyperus iria L.)作为铀的超耐受植物,它的发现为探讨铀污染环境的植物修复和铀在植物体中的吸收和耐受机理提供了一种新的资源. 在Hoagland's营养液中加入铀标准溶液模拟铀污染水环境,以及直接在铀尾沙条件分析不同铀供应水平下碎米莎草对铀的耐受性能和富集特征. 结果表明:①碎米莎草对铀的富集特征依赖于生长介质中铀的供应水平和植物生长期等多重因素. 碎米莎草不同生长期各部位w(U)均高于生长介质中的铀供应水平,根系和地上部分w(U)最高可分别达(48 605±1 266)和(824±856)mg/kg. 根、茎和叶中w(U)基本随着铀供应水平的升高而增加,在开花期时较低,根系吸收的铀有1/10~1/5能转移至茎、叶、花籽部位,ρ(U)<250 mg/L的铀溶液对碎米莎草的生长无抑制作用. ②碎米莎草对铀尾沙具有很强的耐受性,但地上部分的富集系数在某些条件下可大于1;地上部分的w(U)在开花期相对较高,至成熟期时下降;在成熟期添加柠檬酸有助于碎米莎草根、茎和叶将铀转移至籽部位. 相似文献
86.
Rafael C. Lajmanovich Juan Carlos Sánchez-Hernández Paola M. Peltzer Andrés M. Attademo Gabriela S. Fiorenza Mariana C. Cabagna 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1145-1161
We determined the normal levels of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carboxylesterase (CbE), and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities in three South American toad species in order to establish reference values for field pesticide monitoring purposes. Interspecies variations in B-esterase and GST activities were examined according to body mass. In addition, comparative inhibition of BChE and CbE activities using malaoxon, and chemical reactivation of malaoxon-inhibited BChE activity using pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM) were investigated. Bufo fernandezae had average activity values for BChE: 17.31 mmol min?1 ml?1; CbE: 621.49 nmol min?1 ml?1 and GST: 1.94 mmol min?1 ml?1 while B. arenarum enzymatic average activities were BChE: 9.51 mmol min?1 ml?1; CbE: 270.07 nmol min?1 ml?1, and GST: 1.59 mmol min?1 ml?1; finally Bufo schneideri had enzymatic mean values of BChE: 2.08 mmol min?1 ml?1; CbE: 301.95 nmol min?1 ml?1, and GST: 1.60 mmol min?1 ml?1. Moreover, we found an allometric relationship between plasma BChE and CbE activities and body size for the three toad species. We suggest that B. fernandezae would be the species with a higher tolerance capacity to organophosphorous insecticides compared to the other toad species, while B. schneideri may be the most vulnerable toad species to field pesticide exposure, although some other factors (e.g., brain AChE sensitivity or pesticide metabolism by phosphotriesterases) should be also taken into account. The malaoxon-inhibited BChE activity of the three toad species was reactivated in the presence of 2-PAM, and it is recommended as a specific and sensitive methodology in the assessment of field exposure to OP insecticides together to compare BChE activity levels between OP-exposed and nonexposed individuals. 相似文献
87.
In the present work we study the effect of pH on the complexation of copper with organic matter dissolved in fresh surface waters. Samples collected in rivers of Galicia (NW of Spain) were titrated with copper solution at pH values in the range 5.5–7.5. Copper concentration was measured by DPASV technique. The complexation parameters were obtained from the simple model of 1 : 1 complex formation. The obtained values show a linear increase of the logarithm of the conditional stability constant as the pH increases. 相似文献
88.
Potentiometric studies of mixed complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) with l‐Asparagine and adenine
Hülya Demircan Demir Mürşit Pekin Aysen Kurt Cücü Emre Dölen Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):357-367
A potentiometric titration technique has been used to determine the stability constants for the various complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) with L‐asparagine and from DNA base, e.g. adenine. Stability constants of ternary systems have been evaluated by the method suggested by Irwing‐Rossotti. In addition, the conditional constants were calculated as a function of pH. The maximum values of the conditional formation constants were found to be in accordance with the mixed‐ligand complex formation constants in a determined pH region. Furthermore, the molar fractions of different species from mixed complexes were calculated by means of formation constants. The values of stability constants of mixed‐ligand complexes at 25°C are as follows: log K= 5.25 for Co(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine; log K= 9.30 for Cu(II)‐L‐asparagine‐adenine. The ionic strength was kept constant at I = 0.20 with NaClO4. 相似文献
89.
The first incident of green oysters (Crassostrea gigas) was reported in Taiwan in the Charting coastal area in January, 1986 and mortality was reported three months later. the cause of the greened oysters was identified as copper pollution. the copper content of the green oysters was extremely high - 2100 ppm, 2225 ppm, and 4400 ppm dry weight, in January, 1986, February 1987, and January 1989, respectively. in this paper we summarize the seasonal and regional distributions of copper species (complexed by inorganic and organic ligands, labile and non-labile, polar and non-polar) and forms (dissolved and particulate) and the hydrographic and biomass parameters (mainly particulate organic carbon, chloropyll -α, adenosine triphosphate and primary production) in sea water in the Erhjin Chi coastal area. in general, high concentrations of particulate material (0.24 to 724 ppb) and non-labile organic copper (0.03 to 21.5 ppb) were observed. Low values of polar organic copper (<0.02 to 16.5 ppb) indicated that non-polar organic complexes (0.3 to 20.4 ppb) from man-made organic pollutants were the major complexes in the area studied. On the basis of this data, the cause of greening and mortality in oysters is evaluated in relation to the bioavailable copper (sum of particulate and labile copper) and copper assimilative capacity (detoxicant). Finally, the correlations between the species and forms of copper, hydrographic and biomass parameters are also discussed. 相似文献
90.
洞庭湖湿地Cd富集植物蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis)的耐性生理机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用盆栽植株和外源Cd胁迫的方法,分别对不同生长期蒌蒿植株根、叶组织中的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白及MDA含量进行测定,以揭示蒌蒿在Cd胁迫下的抗氧化机理和耐受机制。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫对上述生理指标均有显著影响:≤20mg·kg-1的Cd处理可使幼苗期植株器官中的可溶性蛋白含量增加16.5%~19.1%,100mg·kg-1的Cd含量水平则导致其含量减少近30%,可溶性蛋白含量的变化与植株的生物量积累关系密切;3种酶活性在0~10mg·kg-1的Cd处理下未显示出明显变化,幼苗期植株CAT、POD活性在10~80mg·kg-1的Cd胁迫下增加明显,高于此浓度范围则使酶蛋白受到破坏而失活,中等含量水平(≤40mg·kg-1)的Cd处理经过长时间作用可使植株逐渐适应胁迫环境,胁迫强度较大的Cd处理可显著提高SOD酶的活性;Cd胁迫过程中植株MDA积累量不断增加。3种抗氧化酶活性的增强在蒌蒿植株耐受Cd胁迫方面能起到较好的防御作用。 相似文献