酸性矿井水运移的动力学预测模型及模型参数分析

分析了酸性矿井水在含水层中运移的规律,充分考虑了地下水密度变化对浓度分布的影响,提出了酸性矿井水迁移转化的动力学环境预测耦合模型,采用Galerkin有限元方法和Picard迭代法相结合对耦合模型进行了离散,并对酸性矿井水迁移问题进行了模拟分析,通过室内土柱实验求得了基本参数,探讨了模型参数的变化对酸性矿井水运移的影响,为定量研究土壤中酸性矿井水在土壤-水环境中分配与去向提供理论依据。     

天然沸石吸附氨氮和磷的研究

选用浙江缙云产颗粒状天然沸石为材料对氨氮和磷进行吸附动力学和吸附等温试验,考察初始浓度、振荡时间对吸附量、去除率的影响。试验结果表明：沸石对氨氮和磷吸附显示出＂快速吸附,缓慢平衡＂的特点;吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型;吸附等温线更符合Freundlich方程;氨氮初始浓度小于7 mg/L、振荡时间在1h内和磷初始浓度小于30 mg/L、振荡时间在15 min内,吸附量、去除率随初始浓度、振荡时间增加而增加,当超过此阶段后,吸附量增加缓慢、去除率下降。     

Inhibition of rhythmic neural spiking by noise: the occurrence of a minimum in activity with increasing noise

The effects of noise on neuronal dynamical systems are of much current interest. Here, we investigate noise-induced changes in the rhythmic firing activity of single Hodgkin–Huxley neurons. With additive input current, there is, in the absence of noise, a critical mean value μ = μ _c above which sustained periodic firing occurs. With initial conditions as resting values, for a range of values of the mean μ near the critical value, we have found that the firing rate is greatly reduced by noise, even of quite small amplitudes. Furthermore, the firing rate may undergo a pronounced minimum as the noise increases. This behavior has the opposite character to stochastic resonance and coherence resonance. We found that these phenomena occurred even when the initial conditions were chosen randomly or when the noise was switched on at a random time, indicating the robustness of the results. We also examined the effects of conductance-based noise on Hodgkin–Huxley neurons and obtained similar results, leading to the conclusion that the phenomena occur across a wide range of neuronal dynamical systems. Further, these phenomena will occur in diverse applications where a stable limit cycle coexists with a stable focus.     

Using polarized muons as ultrasensitive spin labels in free radical chemistry

In a chemical sense, the positive muon is a light proton. It is obtained at the ports of accelerators in beams with a spin polarization of 100%, which makes it a highly sensitive probe of matter. The muonium atom is a light hydrogen isotope, nine times lighter than H, with a muon as its nucleus. It reacts the same way as H, and by addition to double bonds it is implemented in free radicals in which the muon serves as a fully polarized spin label. It is reviewed here how the muon can be used to obtain information about muonium and radical reaction rates, radical structure, dynamics, and local environments. It can even tell us what a fragrance molecule does in a shampoo.     

基于系统动力学的高校消防安全管理研究

为识别高校消防安全管理的影响因素,有效预防高校火灾事故,本文结合实际案例和调研情况,建立高校消防安全管理系统动力学模型,仿真分析不同消防安全投入比例对高校消防安全管理水平的提升效果和影响趋势。结果表明:高校消防安全管理系统中采用平均分配的投入方案并不理想,且侧重单一分支的投入方案不能有效提升高校整体消防安全管理水平;与之相对应的,采取分散却有所侧重的投入策略是高校消防安全管理投入的最佳选择,消防管理及检查、设备维保更新和消防宣传教育是高校消防安全管理的重点需求与亟需方向;构建的高校消防安全管理系统动力学模型符合实际,能够识别高校消防安全管理中各要素间的相互作用和影响机制,并能有效预测高校消防安全管理水平的变化趋势。     

几种常用农药在菠菜中的残留动态研究

在露地栽培条件下,研究了氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、毒死蜱和百菌清在菠菜生产中的残留降解动态.试验结果表明,不同农药在菠菜体内的降解速度有很大差异,其残留量随用药后时间的延长而减少.在推荐用量和加倍用量叶面喷洒处理条件下,毒死蜱的半衰期分别为3.95 d和4.61 d,氯氰菊酯的半衰期分别为5.03 d和5.88 d,氰戊菊酯的半衰期分别为5.26 d和7.22 d,百菌清的半衰期分别为2.63 d和3.39 d.在试验的4种农药中,氰戊菊酯的半衰期最长,百菌清的半衰期最短.因此,在菠菜生产中使用农药时,应充分考虑所用农药的半衰期,严格掌握安全间隔期,确保生产的菠菜达到无公害菠菜的质量标准要求.     

Ecology of reproduction of the red king crab

Conditions for reproduction of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius) on scallop plantations in Primorye have been studied. It has been found that the settling of larvae and the growth of juveniles to the size sufficient for their survival take place only in the cleanest water areas of Peter the Great Bay. Solar activity (expressed as the Wolfer number) is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting P. camtschatica reproduction. The population dynamics of juvenile crabs are characterized by fluctuations with two-year and five-year cycles.     

用于环境适应性分析的航电产品应力仿真技术

热和振动是引起航空电子产品环境适应性问题的2个主要应力,因而在设计过程中应当开展产品的热和振动应力分析.介绍了用于环境适应性分析的航空电子产品数字样机及其建模方法;讨论了基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术的航空电子产品热应力仿真分析方法,以及基于有限元(FEM)技术的振动应力仿真分析方法,并给出了分析案例.     

基于流体力学数值模拟的装甲车热环境分析

为更加准确地描述装甲车乘员室在不同条件下的热环境,采用两方程湍流模型,将装甲车置于数字风洞模型内,模拟求解不同条件下装甲车内的三维对流换热和空气流动状况,该方法可为装甲车乘员室热环境设计研究提供参考.     

航天器动力学试验评价技术

回顾了国内外航天器动力学试验评价技术的研究和应用,分析了国内航天器动力学试验存在的问题,阐述了复杂航天器的发展对于航天器动力学试验评价体系提出的新要求,重点分析了在评价内容、航天器环境、航天器环境模拟方法、航天器环境效应、测量与分析、评价方法及准则方面必须突破和解决的若干关键技术,展望了航天器动力学试验评价技术的发展前景。