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A Quantitative Method for Delineating Regions: An Example for the Western Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion of the USA 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
/ A method was developed to systematically delineate boundaries forecological classification of regions. The process entailed the use ofsmall-scale digital data to quantify spatial concordance among environmentalattribute data sets. The data sets were grouped into spatially related themesusing cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Selected data sets werethen used either individually or collectively to divide the study area intosubregions that exhibited different environmental attributes. The method wasapplied to a previously defined ecological unit, the western Corn Belt of thecentral United States. The results showed that the portion of the study areawith intensive corn and soybean production was identifiable using each of thethree input data sets selected for partitioning (soil associations; AVHRRremote-sensing imagery; and a combined data set of landform, forest, andsoils data). The classification of other portions of the study area washighly dependent on the type and scale of the input data. The systematicmethodology used here offers advantages over other methods for identifyingecological regions in that the results from the systematic approach can bereproduced, the boundaries between ecological units can be revised based onnew or more accurate data, important ecological processes are explicitlychosen to delineate boundaries, and transition zones between regions can bequantified.KEY WORDS: Ecoregions; Spatial analysis; Corn Belt; Iowa; GIS;Regionalization 相似文献
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细粒酒精模型冰的特征长度和变形模量 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
描述了细粒酒精模型冰特征长放和变形模量的测试理论基础和方法,给出了实际测量结果并该对方法存在的问题进行了讨论。简述了试验过程中发生蠕变的事实并给出最佳试验的砝码质量和试验国外还给出了特征长度,变形模量与冰密度和未冻液体含量的试验关系。 相似文献
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青顶拟多孔菌是一种可以降解木质素的白腐真菌,也是具有较高的产漆酶能力的生产者.选择青顶拟多孔菌处理玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水,于液体培养青顶拟多孔菌中的锥形瓶中添加不同体积的废水,考察其对不同稀释比玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的处理效果,并通过研究废水投加时间的调控,获得具有高木质素降解率且相对最短降解时间的工艺条件.结果表明:青顶拟多孔菌可从废水中去除50%以上的CODCr和23.8%的木质素.对不同稀释比例(1%~20%)玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水中木质素具有较好的去除效果,其中稀释6%废水的体系中降解木质素效果最好,在第10天木质素降解率达到73.5%.不同废水投加时间对青顶拟多孔菌处理稀释20%废水体系中木质素的降解效果影响较大,第5天投加废水可获得理想的木质素降解效果,在试验进行的第19天降解率达到68.4%;在投加废水时间不同的情况下,经青顶拟多孔菌处理后的各体系中BOD5/CODCr均有所提升,并且都提升至0.58以上,其中第9天投加废水体系经处理后BOD5/CODCr最大,达到0.64.研究结果可为青顶拟多孔菌处理玉米秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的实际应用提供参考. 相似文献
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This paper examines the historic development of the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol sector and the largely successful attempt to create a sustainable, renewable fuel for the transport sector. The policy that resulted from this process is an example of meeting the need for sustainable transport through the consideration of location‐specific characteristics and appropriate policy. The paper then questions the current and expected trajectory of the sugarcane ethanol sector with the focus on one key question: can sustainability be exported? In this analysis, the paper identifies new threats to the sustainability of Brazilian sugarcane ethanol and potential “opportunity costs” incurred in further development and internationalization of the sector. The paper concludes that exporting sugarcane ethanol may bring unanticipated deleterious consequences, which in turn means that both policy and theory need to be more precise about how sustainable transport is defined and bounded by time and space. 相似文献
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以高温厌氧细菌热纤维梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum LQRI)和嗜热厌氧乙醇菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus X514和Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus39E)为对象,以纤维素为微生物利用的底物,分析了LQRI纯培养和LQRI+Thermoanaerobacter混合培养对纤维素降解、酒精生产及终产物分布的影响.结果表明,LQRI+Thermoanaerobacter混合培养的酒精生产能力和纤维素降解率明显高于LQRI纯培养.在混合培养体系中,LQRI+X514的酒精生产能力明显高于LQRI+39E.培养基中无外源酵母粉条件下,LQRI纯培养酒精最高浓度约为11.5mmol/L,LQRI+X514和LQRI+39E混合培养最高酒精浓度分别约为71mmol/L和36.5mmol/L,相同的底物纤维素浓度条件LQRI+X514和LQRI+39E混合培养酒精浓度分别约为LQRI纯培养的5~11倍和3~5倍,纤维素降解率分别都约为LQRI纯培养的1.5~5.0倍;培养基中0.6%外源酵母粉存在条件下,LQRI纯培养酒精最高浓度约为12.9mmol/L,LQRI+X514和LQRI+39E混合培养最高酒精浓度分别约为263.5mmol/L和143.5mmol/L,相同的底物纤维素浓度条件LQRI+X514和LQRI+39E混合培养酒精浓度分别约为LQRI纯培养的8~22倍和8~12倍,纤维素降解率均约为LQRI纯培养的1.1倍.在5%Solka Floc为底物和0.6%外源酵母粉的条件下,LQRI+X514混合培养酒精浓度最高可达到263.5mmol/L,相当于1.2%(质量浓度)的酒精,LQRI+39E约为143mmol/L. 相似文献
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Su Meihui Huang Chiahui Lin Wenyi Tso Chunto 《International Journal of Green Energy》2015,12(2):168-184
Contemporary reports on the energy and environmental benefits of bioethanol have suggested that the cellulosic ethanol is significantly more efficient. To understand the development potential of energy crops in Taiwan, the present study has assessed the resources and cost inputs for the planning, harvesting, transporting, and storing procedures of the first generation energy crops during 2007–2010 with the perspective of LCA. In addition, a field investigation focusing on rice straw, the largest agricultural waste in Taiwan, has been conducted since 2010 to obtain fundamental data.This study further analyzes the first and second-generation feedstocks from the perspective of LCA based on field investigated data. Taiwan has not yet established an ethanol plant; therefore, this study established production data by simulating the production efficiency of an economical scale using parameters obtained through production trials, and proposed an evaluation model for the energy input, GHG, and production costs of bioethanol in Taiwan. The results of this study were cross-compared with foreign literature to explore the development potential of bioethanol in Taiwan. The results indicate that based on the current cellulosic ethanol technology in Taiwan, regarding the energy balance, GHG, and production costs, is less efficient than that of the first generation bioethanol. 相似文献