基于耦合协调度的煤矿安全应急管理评价

针对煤矿安全应急管理主动性和协调性缺乏易导致矿难事故发生的问题,提出基 于网络层次分析法（ANP）与序参量法的安全应急管理耦合协调度评价模型。通过归纳 煤矿安全应急管理进程中的耦合协调度,构建包括5个子系统、11个序参量以及33个二 级指标的煤矿安全应急管理耦合协调度评价指标体系。借助超级决策软件确定各指标权 重,然后采用序参量法对煤矿安全应急管理的预防、准备、响应和恢复4个环节进行协 调度测算。结果表明:示例煤矿安全应急管理的准备与响应两环节的各子系统协调度最 高,系统整体协调度较低。     

中国草地资源利用：生产功能与生态功能的冲突与协调

草地生态系统具有多功能性,既提供多种畜牧产品,同时也具有多样化的生态服务,诸如防风固沙、保持水土、维持生物多样性等。因此,健康的生态系统是生产功能与生态服务和谐并存的统一体。我国有各类天然草地 4×10⁸hm²,其中80%的草地主要分布在干旱、半干旱的北方地区,即主要分布在兴安岭-燕山-吕梁山-秦岭-西藏高原东缘一线以西的广大地区, 这一地区自然条件差,生态系统脆弱。因此,草地生态系统具有保障北方地区畜牧业发展和维护我国生态安全的双重角色。1949年以来,我国草地资源利用中由于长期追求生产功能最大化,忽视了对生态功能和服务的养护,造成生态系统退化,从而影响生态服务的发挥,导致了生产功能与生态服务的冲突。一是在突出生产功能的政策导向下,片面追求草地生产功能最大化,导致大量优质草地被大面积开垦,天然草地资源缩减,出现结构性和功能性的生态退化,生态服务功能受到显著损害。二是由于生产要素投入不足,使得草地系统输出和输入不平衡,难以维持正常的物质和能量循环过程,从而导致生产功能与生态功能的冲突。这主要是由于草地资源是我国的公共财产资源,即使实行草地承包制度后,所有权和使用权的分离,加上缺少政策制度的约束,因此形成了牧民对草地资源的掠夺式利用。三是我国畜产品生产需求增长与生态功能保护需求的矛盾愈加突出。在草地资源开发利用中“重用轻养”的失误既阻碍了我国草地畜牧业的现代化进程,更加剧了我国草地生产功能与生态服务的冲突。所以,在我国人口趋多,耕地趋少,粮食趋紧、畜产品消费趋增的态势下,充分利用占国土面积41%的草地资源,建立生态保护约束下的草地资源利用模式,协调草地生态系统的生产功能和生态服务关系,是解决我国耕地资源不足、维护我国生态安全的重要途径。     

Coordination in theory,coordination in practice: the case of the Clusters

The atomised nature of the humanitarian system has led to frequent and repeated attempts to coordinate humanitarian activity. Since 2005, some of the best resourced, and arguably most successful, coordination mechanisms have been the humanitarian Clusters, groups of UN (United Nations) and non‐UN actors that engage in sectoral coordination of humanitarian response (such as the provision of healthcare and water) at the global and country level. Nevertheless, it is not clear exactly what ‘coordination’ means in the context of a Cluster. Formal guidance suggests that they should be aiming to create a single, joint strategy to guide the activities of members. Actual experience of the Clusters, however, indicates that looser forms of coordination are more effective. This finding resonates with organisational theory, and with the experience of emergency management professionals beyond the international humanitarian sector. To capitalise fully on the success of the Clusters, policymakers may need to rethink their attitudes to, and expectations of, coordination.     

成都市县域土地利用碳收支与经济发展关系研究

基于2014年成都市县域单元土地利用遥感图像和能源消耗统计数据,论文分析了碳收支空间分布特征,通过回归模型构建,对碳收支、土地利用和经济发展协同关系进行研究。结果表明：1）成都市碳汇土地面积占比为56.97%,高于碳源用地,区域碳源/碳汇用地空间差异明显。土地利用强度为2.40~3.33,呈现“东高西低、中心最高”的空间分布特征;2）成都市净碳排放2.43×10⁷ t,呈现“东高西低、中心最高”分布特征。各县域单元碳补偿率为0.06%~11.58%,碳生态承载系数（ESC）为0.05~8.60,呈现“东低西高、中心最低”的特征;3）碳排放经济贡献系数（ECC）为0.26~1.45,呈现“中心高、周边低”的特征并且空间差异较小;4）碳排放与GDP极显著正相关（P<0.01）。ESC与土地利用强度极显著负相关（P<0.01）。ECC与土地利用强度耦合协调度均值为0.56。耦合协调度和人均GDP回归关系极显著（P<0.01）,表明区域经济发展提高了碳排放经济效益和土地利用强度的耦合协调度。     

异烟酸铜磁力搅拌微固相萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃

建立了膜保护异烟酸铜微固相萃取的样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器对土壤中的痕量荧蒽(Flt)、苯并［b］荧蒽(BbF)、苯并［k］荧蒽(BkF)、苯并［a］芘(BaP)进行了测定. 考察了水温、萃取时间和超声洗脱时间等对萃取效果的影响. 结果表明:在最佳试验条件下,Flt的检出限为1.0 ng/g;BbF,BkF和BaP的检出限为2.5 ng/g. Flt的线性范围为2.5～500.0 ng/g;BbF,BkF和BaP的线性范围均为12.5～500.0 ng/g. 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.4%～13.7%(n9). 采用该方法分析了2种实际土壤中的4种多环芳烃,回收率为34%～90%.      

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WHO SHOULD LEAD,WHO SHOULD PAY?1

ABSTRACT: Improving water management to meet future global needs will certainly require technical advances, but the main challenge is to integrate the viewpoints of diverse societal interests into decisions about allocation of water resources. The integration cannot be done solely by the market because it requires a balancing among interests which do not respond well to market forces, nor by the state alone because of institutional problems. The concept of “integrated water resources management” has been developed to provide the framework for the required balancing of interests, and, like similar concepts in industries other than water, it has a dual purpose - to link stakeholders and apply best practices to management actions. To clarify the process of integrated water management, the paper focuses on two questions: who should lead integrated water resources management and who should pay for it? Several examples are given to illustrate a range of situations. The paper concludes with a call to improve paradigms of integrated water management, a proposition that water organizations should accept and budget for their external responsibilities as well as their direct missions, affirmation of the need for state and federal agencies to be involved with local interests, a call for better scientific and public information, and identification of the need for continued work to improve the process of integrated water management.     

长沙市旅游-经济-生态系统耦合协调分析

长沙市作为旅游热门城市,近年来旅游产业蓬勃发展,经济发展迅速,而生态环境是旅游产业与区域经济发展的基石,只有旅游产业、区域经济与生态环境三者协调发展,才能实现绿色可持续发展。利用长沙市2007—2018年的数据,构建3个系统的综合评价指标体系,并分析了三者的耦合协调度,发现三者的发展状况和耦合协调度总体呈现逐年递增状态,近年来生态环境略滞后于区域经济发展,长沙市在发展经济的同时更应该注重对生态环境的保护。     

对劳务、施工等外委单位安全管理工作的法律思考

分析了企业与外委单位的安全工作关系,明确了依法协调管理的依据和主要工作内容,对依法规避管理风险进行了探讨.     

Region-gridding recycling of bulk organic waste: Emerging views based on coordinated urban and rural development

Bulk organic waste (BOW) has a large output in China. The improper disposal of BOW will not only bring serious environmental pollution, but also cause waste of biomass resources. The viewpoint proposes a region-gridding recycling management system of BOW that highlights the coordinated development of environmental, agricultural and energy elements in urban and rural areas. The viewpoint aims to drive the upstream and downstream industrial chains of BOW treatments, avoid the repeated construction of resource facilities, guide the upgrading of resource-based technologies, promote the professionalization of farmers, and thus built the high-quality modern agricultural recycling industrial park based on system management.     

低分子量壳聚糖Nd~(3+)配合物的合成及抑菌性研究

通过将高分子量壳聚糖经双氧水氧化降解制得低分子量壳聚糖,再与Nd3+配位制得低分子量壳聚糖Nd3+配合物,通过IR,UV,TG-TDA和GPC分析对L-CTS的分子量及L-CTS-Nd的结构进行了表征,考察了对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,低分子量壳聚糖与Nd3+形成了稳定的配合物,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果。