催化湿式过氧化（CWPO）偶氮染料反应机理及降解历程研究

采用浸渍法制备出具有较高催化活性的催化剂CuO/γ-Al2O3,通过XRD、电镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征。降解了几种不同结构的偶氮染料,并通过改变CWPO的反应条件推断了其催化反应机理。采用紫外/可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）和傅里叶红外光谱仪（IR）等手段对染料降解过程进行跟踪和分析,对比染料处理前后紫外可见光谱与红...     

微波催化氧化处理正丁酸废水Ni-Co-Ce-O催化剂的制备及表征

采用微波催化氧化处理正丁酸模拟废水,以COD去除率为评价指标,对固相-焙烧法制备的3个系列共45种催化剂进行筛选,通过正交实验对催化剂制备工艺进行优化,并对优选出的催化剂进行XRD和SEM表征。结果表明,NiO+Co₂O₃+CeO₂（Ni∶Co=1∶1、NiO+Co₂O₃/CeO₂=1∶4）为筛选出的最优催化剂;Ni-Co-Ce-O催化剂最优制备条件为Ni：Co摩尔比1∶2、（NiO+Co₂O₃）/CeO₂质量比5%、研磨时间40 min、焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间3 h,此条件下制备的催化剂催化效能最高,COD去除率达67%。     

非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂的脱硝性能分析

以自制复配无机锰盐和分析纯六水合硝酸铈为原料,制备了非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂,运用XRD,XPS,NH_3-TPD技术对其进行了表征,并对其脱硝活性进行了评价。结果表明:所制备催化剂的体相结构为高度无定形态;催化剂中的Mn和Ce元素主要以MnO_2和CeO_2的形式存在;催化剂表面有大量的化学吸附氧和弱酸位点,并表现出较好的NH_3吸附性能;该催化剂不仅具有较高的脱硝活性,而且还有较宽的活性温度范围,80~300℃的脱硝率均达90%以上。     

废聚酯非酸催化合成对苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯的研究

介绍了以废聚酯瓶为原料,用醋酸锌与氧化镁复合催化剂合成对苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DOTP)的方法.利用正交实验研究了醇解酯交换反应中的影响因素,并对产物进行了表征.当反应条件:n(2-EH)/n(PET)=4,m(催化剂)/m(PET)=1%,反应时间为8 h,反应最高温度为200℃时,对苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯的收率为82.3%,与其他酯化催化剂相比,醋酸锌与氧化镁复合的催化活性最好.      

Promotional effect of transition metal doping on the properties of KF/CaO catalyst for biodiesel synthesis

A series of heterogeneous KF/CaO catalysts modified with transition metals (lanthanum, cerium, and zirconium) were prepared via wet impregnation method and applied to the trsansesterification process of waste cooking oil (WCO) as feedstock with methanol to biodiesel production. The structure, performance of the solid catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of CO₂ (CO₂-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of methanol/oil molar ratio, ¹reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, and stability was investigated. The results showed that 10 wt% of lanthanum, cerium, and zirconium improved the catalytic activity of KF/CaO catalyst. The maximum catalytic activity using the lanthanum doping of 10wt% on KF/CaO catalyst was reached 98.7% under the optimal reaction condition of methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, reaction for 1 h at reaction temperature of 65°C, and 4% (wt/wt oil) catalyst amount. In addition, the FAME yield of KF/CaO/La catalyst remained higher than 95% after 10 cycles. The promotional effect of lanthanum doping could be attributed to the enhancement of the basicity strength of KF/CaO catalyst and block the leach of Ca²⁺ in the transesterification reaction.     

Dry reforming of methane over oil palm shell activated carbon and ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalysts

In this study, cobalt supported oil palm shell activated carbon (Co/OPS-AC) and ZSM-5 zeolite (Co/ZSM-5) catalysts have been prepared for dry reforming of methane. Cobalt ratios of 6.0 and 14.0 wt% were deposited via wet impregnation method to the OPS-AC and ZSM-5 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption--desorption isotherms, BET surface area, SEM, FESEM-EDX, TPR-H₂, and TPD-NH₃. The dry reforming of methane was performed using a micro reactor system under the condition of 10,000 ml/h.g-cat, 3 atm, CH₄/CO₂ ratio of 1.2:1.0 and temperature range from 923 K to 1023 K. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and further quantified to determine the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, and the yields of CO and H₂. Experimental results revealed both catalysts exhibited lower conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ with the increase in temperature from 923 K to 1023 K. The reduced conversions may be due to the formation of carboneous substance on the catalyst known as coking. Comparatively, Co/OPS-AC gave higher conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ as well as higher yields of H₂ and CO as it has a higher surface area than Co/ZSM-5 which subsequently rendered higher activity for the reforming of methane. With the increasing cobalt loadings and reaction temperature, OPS-AC(14) catalyst exhibited improved activity and H₂/CO ratio. Based on these results, cobalt supported OPS activated carbon catalyst was suggested to be more effective for CO₂ and CH₄ conversions.     

几种催化剂对垃圾渗滤液臭氧氧化效能的影响

通过制备以γ-Al2O3为载体的铬、镉、钴、铜、镍5种催化剂,研究了催化剂负载率对臭氧吸收率的影响以及臭氧催化氧化垃圾渗滤液时水质的变化情况.试验结果表明,钴在γ-Al2O3载体上具有较强的负载性,在催化剂与COD质量比为5,O3与COD质量比分别为0.11、0.15、0.26时,镉催化剂能使臭氧吸收率提高,而铬催化剂则不利于臭氧的吸收;固定催化剂与COD质量比为5,当O3与COD质量比为0.15时,铜催化剂可使COD去除率提高20.2%;同样固定催化剂与COD质量比为5,当O3与COD质量比为0.26时,镍催化剂有利于氨氮的去除,可使氨氮去除率提高20.7%;臭氧催化氧化时,臭氧的最佳投加量可按O3与COD质量比为0.125考虑.     

沸石在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了中国沸石的种类及其分布概况,以产自甘肃省白银市的斜发沸石为研究对象,对其化学组成及分子晶格形式作了较为详尽的阐述,经实验室检测出其化学组成及物化指标,且对沸石作为吸附荆、离子交换剂、催化剂处理废水的作用机理进行了深入的探讨,对于天然沸石改性进行了实验研究,得出采用氯化钠溶液对天然沸石改性的效果比较理想,改性溶液的最佳浓度为0.9mol/L,研究沸石在沸水处理领域中的应用,分析了沸石处理各类废水的机理,并对沸石处理废水的前景进行了展望.     

δ-MnO2 decorated layered double oxides in-situ grown on nickel foam towards electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane

Energy-saving and efficient monolithic catalysts are hotspots of catalytic purification of industrial gaseous pollutants. Here, we have developed an electrothermal catalytic mode, in which the ignition temperature required for the reaction is provided by Joule heat generated when the current flows through the catalyst. In this paper, Mn/NiAl/NF, Mn/NiFe/NF and Mn/NF metal-based monolithic catalysts were prepared using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier for thermal and electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane. The results indicated that Mn-based monolithic catalysts exhibit high activity in thermal and electrothermal catalysis. Mn/NiFe/NF achieve conversion of n-heptane more than 99% in electrothermal catalysis under a direct-current (DC) power of 6 W, and energy-saving is 54% compared with thermal catalysis. In addition, the results indicated that the introduction of NiAl (or NiFe) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of Mn/NF, which attributed to the higher specific surface area, Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺, Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺, adsorbed oxygen species (O_ads)/lattice oxygen species (O_latt), redox performance of the catalyst. Electrothermal catalytic activity was significantly higher than thermal catalytic activity before complete conversion, which may be related to electronic effects. Besides, Mn/NiFe/NF has good cyclic and long-term stability in electrothermal catalysis. This paper provided a theoretical basis for applying electrothermal catalysis in the field of VOCs elimination.     

新型复合金属氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气NOx净化的实验研究

采用固定床反应装置,模拟汽车尾气,研究新型复合金属氧化催化剂ＷＣＸ－Ｉ（Ｒｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｏｘ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）对ＣＯ还原ＮＯ反应和ＣＨ４还原ＮＯ反应的催化活性,催化剂的抗ＳＯ２中毒性能,抗积炭性能．结果表明ＷＣＸ－Ｉ催化剂对ＮＯ／ＣＯ和ＮＯ／ＣＨ４反应均具有较好的高温活性．在本研究实验条件下,４００℃以上时ＣＯ对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９３％以上,６００℃以上时ＣＨ４对ＮＯ的稳定还原率在９２％以上．在１０００ｍｌ／ｍ３ＳＯ２－Ｎ２的高硫气氛中强制中毒及在１．０％ＣＯ－１０％ＣＯ２－Ｎ２的缺氧气氛中强制积炭若干小时后的催化剂试样对ＮＯ／ＣＯ反应的催化活性几乎未见降低