制造企业生产过程环境影响评估系统研究

制造企业生产过程环境影响评估系统是对产品车间生产过程绿色性进行评估的系统,通过分析产品在生产过程各阶段以及整体的资源消耗和环境排放情况,来评定产品的生产制造过程是否符合绿色制造要求,以及应该在哪些方面进行改进,它是绿色生产过程得以实现的关键之一。研究制造企业生产过程环境影响评估系统的结构,基于生命周期评价(LCA)及生态指数Eco-indicators99方法建立环境影响评估模型,探讨生产过程环境影响评估的理论及方法,最后通过在车间中电弧焊接过程为实例分析验证了评价模型的可行性。     

黑龙江、松花江航道疏浚工程对水生生物环境影响研究

针对黑龙江、松花江航道疏浚工程对水生生物环境影响问题,提出了疏浚工程对水生生物的影响,包括对浮游植物的影响、对浮游动物的影响、对底栖动物的影响和对水生植物的影响,将产生泥沙、悬浮物、噪音、底质改变及机械废水、固体垃圾等,进而对鱼类资源的影响分析,包括施工噪音对鱼类的影响,如对鱼类栖息地的影响、对鱼类摄食生长的影响、对鱼类产卵行为的影响、悬浮物对鱼类生存的影响、对鱼类卵、苗的影响和对鱼类洄游通道的影响。     

累积影响评价的原则和框架

累积影响评价是针对项目环境影响评价极少考虑若干活动累积影响的缺陷和适应可持续发展的要求而发展起来，而建立累积影响评价的原则和呆对提高其有效性具有重要意义，在分析和总结有关文献的基础上，根据累积影响评价的特征，提出了累积影响评价的原则和框架，以指导和规范累积影响评价的实践。     

柴达木盆地资源开发的环境影响与对策研究

柴达木盆地干旱少雨,风大沙多,水资源短缺,生态环境脆弱。水资源是资源开发和生态环境保护需要协调和优化的关键因素。柴达木盆地的资源开发以柴达木循环经济试验区为核心,重点构建以盐湖资源综合开发利用为核心的循环经济产业链体系。柴达木盆地盐湖资源、金属和非金属矿产资源、石油天然气资源开发以及主要工业布局将对水资源利用、盐湖水盐平衡、重点湖泊湿地保护、绿洲安全和水环境产生较大影响或带来累积性生态环境风险。针对柴达木盆地资源开发可能带来的环境影响和生态风险,提出了区域资源开发和产业发展布局的优化调控对策和促进经济社会可持续发展的环境保护对策和建议     

西藏那曲至嘉黎公路改建工程环境影响分析及环保对策

针对青藏高原生态环境的特殊性，分析了藏北高原公路建设的环境影响，提出了公路施工环境管理及环境保护措施。     

Climate Change Projections for the United States Midwest

Environmental and societal factors such asair quality, water quality andavailability, land use changes andexpanding urbanization are alreadyaffecting human health and welfare,agriculture, and natural ecosystems in theMidwestern United States. Over thiscentury, these existing stresses willlikely be exacerbated by climate changesresulting from human activities. It isessential that policy decisions aimed atpreserving the well-being of a region beinformed by a good understanding of theregion's climate, how climate might change,and the uncertainties inherent in futureprojections. Recent updates in climatemodeling expertise and an expanded view ofpossible non-intervention emissionscenarios have narrowed the range of changethat can be expected over the Midwestthroughout the next century in some ways,while broadening it in others. In contrastto previous studies, which generallyconsider a mid-range scenario for futureemissions, this study presents the range ofchange that would result from low to highscenarios for climate change. In this waywe account for uncertainties inanthropogenic forcing on climate change inthe region and quantify the potentialeffects of human actions on future climate.This analysis also combines the latestclimate model projections with historicalrecords of observed climate over the pastcentury, effectively placing potentialchanges in extreme event frequencies suchas heavy rainfall events and temperaturethreshold exceedances within the context ofobserved variability over the past century.The purpose of this study is to provide anupdated picture of the potential impacts ofclimate change on the Midwest to inform theimpact assessment and policy developmentcommunity. From the magnitude of thechanges projected by this study, it isclear that these must be included in futurepolicy decisions in order to ensure thesuccessful adaptation and survival ofexisting human and natural systems in theMidwest.     

Comparing Onsite and Offsite Methods for Measuring Norms for Trail Impacts

This study examined the comparability of onsite and offsite methods for measuring norms for trail impacts using photo/survey techniques. A total of 449 subjects participated in a study of Mudeung-Mountain Provincial Park, Gwang-Ju, Korea. For the overall photo evaluation method (OPEM), respondents rated the acceptability of bare soil area for each of a series of photographs. For the specific photo evaluation method (SPEM), respondents selected a photograph that illustrated the largest acceptable proportion of bare soil area from a series of 10 photographs. Overall, there were no substantial differences in maximum acceptable impacts between onsite (onsite-I visitor group surveyed at the actual trail points and onsite-II departing visitor group surveyed at the exit area) and offsite (students surveyed in a laboratory setting) groups for the two norm measurement alternatives (OPEM and SPEM). Subjects’ difficulty ratings were low for both methods, and there were no substantial differences in norms between individuals with high and low levels of experience at the park. The offsite method appears to be substitutable for onsite methods in this particular study area, which is a frontcountry setting with a relatively simple range of recreation opportunities. Implications and further studies are discussed.