Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on Regional Differences of Chinese City Size Distribution

City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃的碳优先指数研究

本文研究了北京、广州两地不同季节气溶胶颗粒物上正构烷烃的碳优先指数值(CPI)随季节和颗粒物粒径的变化规律。结果表明,北京地区气溶胶中正构烷烃的CPI值:春>夏>秋>冬;广州地区为冬>春>夏,显示了不同的地区特征,而且随着气溶胶颗粒物粒径的减小,正构烷烃的CPI值亦减小。     

Variation in some chemical parameters and organic matter in soils regenerated by the addition of municipal solid waste

The organic fraction of a municipal solid waste was added in different doses to an eroded soil formed of loam and with no vegetal cover. After three years, the changes in macronutrient content and the chemical-structural composition of its organic matter were studied. The addition of the organic fraction from a municipal solid waste had a positive effect on soil regeneration, the treated soils being covered with spontaneous vegetation from 1 yr onwards. An increase in electrical conductivity and a fall in pH were noted in the treated soils as were increases in macronutrients, particularly N and available P and the different carbon fractions. Optical density measurements of the organic matter extracted with sodium pyrophosphate showed that the treated soils contained an organic matter with less condensed compounds and with a greater tendency to evolve than the control. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography study of the organic matter extracted with pyrophosphate showed large quantities of benzene both in the treated soils and control; pyrrole was also relatively abundant, although this fragment decreased as the dose rose. Xylenes and pyridine were present in greater quantities in the control and furfural in the treated soils. Three years after addition to the soil, the organic matter had a higher proportion of fragments derived from aromatic compounds and a smaller proportion derived from hydrocarbons. Similarity indices showed that, although the added and newly formed organic matter 3 yr after addition continued to differ from that of the original soil and to be more mineralizable, the transformations it has undergone made it more similar to the original organic matter of the soil than it was at the moment of being added.     

西部公路建设环境监测指标体系研究

根据西部公路建设及环境保护发展概况，研究了建立西部公路建设环境监测指标应遵循的原则，并提出了两部公路建设环境监测指标体系。     

污染指数法确定企业污染等级的探讨

引入环境参数、社会综合参数、行业参数，根据企业实际排污情况，探讨了运用污染指数法对污染企业实行定量化管理的方法。     

土地适宜性评价中“主宜性”划分问题之探讨

在土地适宜性评价中,划分双宜或多宜性土地的主宜性是很有必要的。本文探讨了土地主宜性划分的原则、指标和方法,提出了分析土地主宜性的综合定量指标——“土地经济-社会适宜性指数”的概念,并以点苍山花甸坝为例,分析了这块土地的主宜性——适宜于耕作利用,利用方式是种植一年一熟喜凉作物。     

陕西省凤县银母寺铅锌矿床原生地球化学异常特征

对银母寺铅锌矿床中钻孔、槽探和坑道工程控制的勘探剖面进行系统采样分析 ,研究原生异常的三维空间特征。经研究认为银母寺铅锌矿床的原生地球化学异常具有分带性 ,垂向分带序列 (自上向下 )为(Hg,As,Zn)→Cd→Cu→ (Pb,Ag) ,纵向分带序列为 :Cu→Pb→Ag→Cd→Hg→Zn ,横向分带序列 (从矿体中心向两侧 )为Pb←Zn←Cu、Ag、Hg、As←Cu→Pb→Ag→Hg→Zn→F。原生异常的分带指数具有明显变化规律且可用于预测同类型矿床的剥蚀程度     

气候舒适度的体感分级：季节锚点法与中国案例

气候舒适度对人居环境和人类活动具有深远影响,相关的评价模型/指数在建筑设计、城市规划、人体健康和旅游发展等领域有着广泛应用。体感分级标准作为气候舒适度评价模型不可或缺的关键环节,对模型效度有着重要的裁量权,也是实践应用中最终的度量衡工具。目前体感分级标准研究和应用中异地套用和局地实测的传统做法,在制定国家尺度普适性标准时遇到较大瓶颈。本文试图提出包含“定级—定名—定点—定宽”等基本环节的“季节锚点法”这一新的体感分级思路,并基于中国1981-2010年间814个基本（基准）气象站点的日值气象数据,以温湿指数和风效指数为例开展了实证研究。研究给出了“暑—热—暖—温—凉—冷—寒”这一针对中国区域的7级体感划分标准,并具体给出了温湿指数和风效指数在各体感等级上的阈值区间,进而在此基础计算评价了中国气候舒适期和不舒适期的时间长短、空间格局及其历时变化,得到一些有益发现。未来的研究可以进一步就细分人群、测试模型和区域差异等方面的体感分级标准开展更多深入探索。     

基于B/S结构的城市空气质量日报发布系统设计

通过互联网管理和发布城市空气质量日报是城市环境信息化建设的主要内容，系统的推广和应用有利于我国空气质量日报工作的进一步深入。对空气质量日报的业务流程与主要内容，B／S结构下城市空气质量日报系统开发模式、模块划分与功能设计、软件开发平台等进行了详细论述。     

Influence of form and quantity of chromium on the development and survival of two silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) races

IntroductionThediversityamonginsectlifehistoriesmakesitdifficulttocomparetheeffectofachemical(orfactor)onthedevelopmentoftheseorganisms.Thediversityofbioassaysrangesfromthepopulationleveltothemolecularlevelandfrominvivotoinvitrostudies(Zhang ,1 993 ) .Differentparametershavebeenusedtostudyinsectgrowthinhibitionofmanychemicals.Forexample ,LD50 (thedosewhichcauses50 %mortalityinapopulation)iscommonlyusedtodeterminetheactivityofchemicalsthathaveacutetoxicity .Itcannotbeusedtothosechemicalsthatd…